The Order of the Red Eagle (german: Roter Adlerorden) was an

order of chivalry An order of chivalry, order of knighthood, chivalric order, or equestrian order is an order (distinction), order of knights, typically founded during or inspired by the original Catholic Military order (religious society), military orders of the ...

of the

Kingdom of Prussia The Kingdom of Prussia (german: Königreich Preußen, ) was a German kingdom that constituted the state of Prussia between 1701 and 1918.Marriott, J. A. R., and Charles Grant Robertson. ''The Evolution of Prussia, the Making of an Empire''. Re ...

. It was awarded to both military personnel and civilians, to recognize valor in combat, excellence in military leadership, long and faithful service to the kingdom, or other achievements. As with most German (and most other European) orders, the Order of the Red Eagle could only be awarded to commissioned officers or civilians of approximately equivalent status. However, there was a medal of the order, which could be awarded to non-commissioned officers and enlisted men, lower ranking civil servants and other civilians.

History

The predecessor to the Order of the Red Eagle was founded on 17 November 1705, by the

Margrave Margrave was originally the medieval title for the military commander assigned to maintain the defence of one of the border provinces of the Holy Roman Empire or of a kingdom. That position became hereditary in certain feudal families in the Em ...

Georg Wilhelm of

Brandenburg-Bayreuth The Principality of Bayreuth (german: Fürstentum Bayreuth) or Margraviate of Brandenburg-Bayreuth (''Markgraftum Brandenburg-Bayreuth'') was an immediate territory of the Holy Roman Empire, ruled by a Franconian branch of the Hohenzollern dyna ...

as the '' Ordre de la Sincerité''. This soon fell into disuse but was revived in 1712 in Brandenburg-Bayreuth and again in 1734 in

Brandenburg-Ansbach The Principality or Margraviate of (Brandenburg-)Ansbach (german: Fürstentum Ansbach or ) was a principality in the Holy Roman Empire centered on the Franconian city of Ansbach. The ruling Hohenzollern princes of the land were known as margrave ...

, where it first received the name of "Order of the Brandenburg Red Eagle". The statutes were changed in 1777 and the order named therein as the "Order of the Red Eagle". The order was conferred in one class, limited to fifty knights. The

absorbed both Brandenburg-Bayreuth and Brandenburg-Ansbach in January 1792, and on 12 June 1792, King Frederick William II again revived the order as a Prussian royal order. After the

Order of the Black Eagle The Order of the Black Eagle (german: Hoher Orden vom Schwarzen Adler) was the highest order of chivalry in the Kingdom of Prussia. The order was founded on 17 January 1701 by Elector Friedrich III of Brandenburg (who became Friedrich I, King ...

, the Order of the Red Eagle was the second highest order of the kingdom in order of precedence. Every Knight of the Black Eagle now automatically became a member of the contemporary highest class of the Order of the Red Eagle. In 1810, King

Frederick William III Frederick William III (german: Friedrich Wilhelm III.; 3 August 1770 – 7 June 1840) was King of Prussia from 16 November 1797 until his death in 1840. He was concurrently Elector of Brandenburg in the Holy Roman Empire until 6 August 1806, wh ...

revised the statutes of the order, expanding it into three classes. In 1830, a breast star was authorized for the Second Class and the First Class General Honor Decoration became the Fourth Class of the order. The statutes were further revised in 1861, and a Grand Cross was established as the highest class of the order. By change to the statutes of the Order of the Black Eagle, every member of that order was automatically invested with the new Grand Cross of the Order of the Red Eagle, as well as with the Order of the Prussian Crown. By 1918, an affiliated soldier's medal had been made available to commoners and enlisted men. Following the Kaiser's abdication at the close of the

First World War World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...

, a new German constitution was signed into law on 11 August 1919, effectively putting a legal end to the monarchy. All orders and decorations formally conferred by the monarchy ceased to exist, but recipients of the Order of the Red Eagle continued to wear it with their other decorations during the eras of the

Weimar Republic The Weimar Republic (german: link=no, Weimarer Republik ), officially named the German Reich, was the government of Germany from 1918 to 1933, during which it was a constitutional federal republic for the first time in history; hence it is al ...

, the

Third Reich Nazi Germany (lit. "National Socialist State"), ' (lit. "Nazi State") for short; also ' (lit. "National Socialist Germany") (officially known as the German Reich from 1933 until 1943, and the Greater German Reich from 1943 to 1945) was ...

, and the restored republic.

Classes

By the time of World War I, the order had evolved into four classes, two of them divided in two divisions each, and an affiliated medal: * 1st Class ** Grand Cross – enameled Maltese cross badge worn on a collar (the ''Kette'', or "chain") at ceremonial occasions or, at other formal occasions, on a sash on the right shoulder; plus a gilt, eight-pointed breast star worn on the left chest; typically awarded to male members of the royal family, to members of the Order of the Black Eagle, to

noblemen Nobility is a social class found in many societies that have an aristocracy. It is normally ranked immediately below royalty. Nobility has often been an estate of the realm with many exclusive functions and characteristics. The characterist ...

, and to foreign royalty ** 1st Class – oversized, enameled cross pattée badge worn on a sash on the right shoulder, plus a silver, eight-pointed breast star on the left chest; available to general officers, high nobility, and heads of foreign state * 2nd Class – enameled cross pattée badge worn on a neck ribbon, plus a silver, four-pointed breast star on the left chest; available to general officers and nobility ** 2nd Class with star ** 2nd Class * 3rd Class – enameled cross pattée badge worn on a ribbon on the left chest; available to (usually no lower than) field grade officers and minor nobility * 4th Class – non-enameled cross pattée badge worn on a ribbon on the left chest; available to company grade officers * Medal – round gilt medal worn on a ribbon on the left chest; available to enlisted men Within these seven grades, however, were a bewildering array of variations. Among these were: * All classes but the Medal of the Red Eagle Order could be awarded with swords for distinction in wartime. The swords passed through the arms of the cross behind the center medallion. * All classes above the 4th Class could be awarded with "Swords on Ring", indicating that the recipient of that class without swords had earlier received a lower class of the order with swords. A pair of crossed swords were worn above the cross on the suspension ring or above the medallion on the upper arm of the breast star. * All classes could be awarded with or without crown as an added distinction. * The Grand Cross, 1st and 2nd Class could be awarded with oak leaves, indicating prior receipt of the next lower class of the order, and/or with diamonds, as a special distinction. * Royal family members (who were automatically awarded the Grand Cross of the Red Eagle Order, per statute of the Order of the Black Eagle) were awarded the Grand Cross "with crown." The Maltese cross badge was suspended from a miniature of the Prussian crown, which covered the usual suspension ring. * The Grand Cross was awarded at least once with crossed marshals' batons, as was awarded to Paul von Hindenburg. The crossed batons were worn above the Maltese cross badge of the Grand Cross, on its suspension ring. * The 3rd Class could be awarded with bow (''Schleife''), indicating prior receipt of the 4th Class. * Knights of Saint John who received the Order of the Red Eagle and who had cared for sick and wounded soldiers in the

Second Schleswig War The Second Schleswig War ( da, Krigen i 1864; german: Deutsch-Dänischer Krieg) also sometimes known as the Dano-Prussian War or Prusso-Danish War was the second military conflict over the Schleswig-Holstein Question of the nineteenth century. T ...

and the

Austro-Prussian War The Austro-Prussian War, also by many variant names such as Seven Weeks' War, German Civil War, Brothers War or Fraternal War, known in Germany as ("German War"), (; "German war of brothers") and by a variety of other names, was fought in 186 ...

received the order with a miniature of the Maltese cross. * For 50 years of service, a Red Eagle recipient received the "Jubilee Number" (''Jubiläumszahl''), a round medallion with the number "50" on it, affixed to the suspension ring or to the oak leaves or the ring of the bow, if applicable. There were also a set of special versions, the Stars 1st through 4th Class, for non-Christians.

Insignia

The badge of the order for the Grand Cross was a gold ( gilt after 1916) Maltese cross enameled in white, with red enameled eagles between the arms of the cross; the gold central disc bore the Royal monogram, surrounded by a blue enameled ring bearing the motto of the Order, ''Sincere et Constanter''. The badge for the 1st to 3rd classes was a gold (gilt after 1916)

cross pattée A cross pattée, cross patty or cross paty, also known as a cross formy or cross formée (french: croix pattée, german: Tatzenkreuz), is a type of Christian cross with arms that are narrow at the centre, and often flared in a curve or straight ...

, enameled in white; that for the 4th class was similar but with smooth, plain silver arms. After 1879 the silver arms of the 4th class cross were pebbled in texture and appearance. The central disc bore the red eagle on a white enamel background on the obverse, with the royal cipher of King Friedrich Wilhelm surmounted by the Prussian crown on the reverse. The enlisted man's medal was of a relatively simple, round design, topped with the Prussian crown, with a depiction of the regular badge in the center of the medal on the obverse, with the royal cipher of the reigning monarch on the reverse. The breast star of the order was (for the Grand Cross) a golden eight-pointed star, (for 1st Class) a silver eight-pointed star, or (for 2nd Class) a silver four-pointed star with a white enameled cross pattée, all with straight rays. The central disc bore the red eagle on a white enamel background, surrounded by a ring (enameled blue for Grand Cross, white for the others) bearing the motto of the Order, ''Sincere et Constanter''. After September 16, 1848, awards of all classes (except the medal) bestowed for military merit had two golden swords crossed through the central medallion. The traditional ribbon of the order was white with two orange stripes at the edges, but combat awards were frequently conferred with a black and white ribbon similar to that of the Iron Cross. Numerous variations of the ribbon existed, depending on the nature of the specific award.

Sovereigns (1705–1918)

George William, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth George may refer to: People * George (given name) * George (surname) * George (singer), American-Canadian singer George Nozuka, known by the mononym George * George Washington, First President of the United States * George W. Bush, 43rd Presiden ...

(11/16/1678 – 12/18/1726), Sovereign of the ''Ordre de la Sincerité'', from November 17, 1705; and from 1712 to 12/18/1726. *

Karl Wilhelm Friedrich, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach Charles William Frederick (12 May 1712 – 3 August 1757), nicknamed ''der Wilde Markgraf'' (the ''Wild Margrave''), was the margrave of the Principality of Ansbach from 1723 to his death. Early life Charles William Frederick was the son of W ...

(5/12/1712 – 8/3/1757), revived the Order as its Sovereign, 1734 – August 3, 1757, renamed the order as the Order of the Red Eagle (Roter Adlerorden) * Karl Alexander, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach and Brandenburg-Bayreuth (2/24/1736 – 1/5/1806), Sovereign from August 3, 1757 to January 16, 1791, when the two territories were annexed by Prussia *

Friedrich Wilhelm II Frederick William II may refer to: * Frederick William II, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg (1603–1669) * Frederick William II, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck (1687–1749) * Frederick William II, Prince of Nassau-Siegen (1706–1734) * Frede ...

, King of Prussia (9/25/1744 – 11/16/1797), revived the Order as its first Sovereign as a Prussian order, June 12, 1792 – 11/16/1797 *

Friedrich Wilhelm III Frederick William III (german: Friedrich Wilhelm III.; 3 August 1770 – 7 June 1840) was King of Prussia from 16 November 1797 until his death in 1840. He was concurrently Elector of Brandenburg in the Holy Roman Empire until 6 August 1806, w ...

, King of Prussia (8/3/1770 – 6/7/1840), Sovereign from 11/16/1797 – 6/7/1840; revised the statutes in 1810 to add 2nd and 3rd classes; added 2nd class breast star and a 4th class, 1830 *

Friedrich Wilhelm IV Frederick William IV (german: Friedrich Wilhelm IV.; 15 October 17952 January 1861), the eldest son and successor of Frederick William III of Prussia, reigned as King of Prussia from 7 June 1840 to his death on 2 January 1861. Also referred to ...

, King of Prussia (10/15/1795 – 1/2/1861), Sovereign from 6/7/1840 to 1/2/1861 *

Wilhelm I William I or Wilhelm I (german: Wilhelm Friedrich Ludwig; 22 March 1797 – 9 March 1888) was King of Prussia from 2 January 1861 and German Emperor from 18 January 1871 until his death in 1888. A member of the House of Hohenzollern, he was the ...

, King of Prussia and German Emperor (3/22/1797 – 3/9/1888), Sovereign from 1/2/1861 to 3/9/1888; revised the statutes to add the Grand Cross, 1861 *

Friedrich III Frederick III may refer to: * Frederick III, Duke of Upper Lorraine (died 1033) * Frederick III, Duke of Swabia (1122–1190) * Friedrich III, Burgrave of Nuremberg (1220–1297) * Frederick III, Duke of Lorraine (1240–1302) * Frederick III of S ...

, King of Prussia and German Emperor (10/18/1831 – 6/15/1888), Sovereign from January to June 1888 *

Wilhelm II Wilhelm II (Friedrich Wilhelm Viktor Albert; 27 January 18594 June 1941) was the last German Emperor (german: Kaiser) and King of Prussia, reigning from 15 June 1888 until his abdication on 9 November 1918. Despite strengthening the German Empir ...

, King of Prussia & German Emperor (1859–1941), invested 1/27/1869; Sovereign from June 15, 1888 to November 28, 1918.

Recipients

;Grand Crosses *

Abbas II of Egypt Abbas II Helmy Bey (also known as ''ʿAbbās Ḥilmī Pāshā'', ar, عباس حلمي باشا) (14 July 1874 – 19 December 1944) was the last Khedive ( Ottoman viceroy) of Egypt and Sudan, ruling from 8January 1892 to 19 December 19 ...

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Adolphus Frederick VI, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz Adolphus Frederick VI (17 June 1882 – 23 February 1918) was the last reigning grand duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. Early life Adolphus Frederick George Ernest Albert Edward of Mecklenburg was born in Neustrelitz, the third child and eldest son o ...

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Alexander Frederick, Landgrave of Hesse Alexander Frederick, Landgrave of Hesse (german: Alexander Friedrich Wilhelm Albrecht Georg Landgraf von Hessen, 25 January 1863 – 26 March 1945) was a German prince of the House of Hesse. Biography He was the son of Prince Frederick Willi ...

Prince Alexander of Hesse and by Rhine Prince Alexander Ludwig Georg Friedrich Emil of Hesse and by Rhine, (15 July 1823 – 15 December 1888), was the third son and fourth child of Louis II, Grand Duke of Hesse, and Wilhelmine of Baden. He was a brother of Tsarina Maria Alexandr ...

Prince Alexander of Prussia Prince Friedrich Wilhelm Ludwig ''Alexander'' of Prussia (21 June 1820 – 4 January 1896) was the eldest child of Prince Frederick of Prussia and his wife, Princess Luise of Anhalt-Bernburg. Early biography Military career Alexander joine ...

Alexis, Landgrave of Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld ''Alexis'' William Ernest Philip of Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld (german: Alexis Wilhelm Ernst von Hessen-Philippsthal-Barchfeld; 13 September 1829 in Burgsteinfurt – 16 August 1905 in Herleshausen) was the last ruling Landgrave of Hesse-Ph ...

Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha Alfred (Alfred Ernest Albert; 6 August 184430 July 1900) was the sovereign duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha from 1893 to 1900. He was the second son and fourth child of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. He was known as the Duke of Edinburgh from ...

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* Augusta Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein *

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Paul Bronsart von Schellendorff Paul Leopold Eduard Heinrich Anton Bronsart von Schellendorf (25 January 1832 – 23 June 1891) was a Prussian general and writer, who served as Minister of War from 1883 to 1889. Family Bronsart was born in Danzig (present-day Gdańsk, Poland) ...

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* Chlodwig, Landgrave of Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld *

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* Hermann von Eichhorn *

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* Otto von Emmich *

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Ernest Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse , spouses = , issue = , house = Hesse-Darmstadt , father = Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine , mother =Princess Alice of the United Kingdom , birth_date = , birth_place = New Palace, Darmstadt, Gran ...

Botho zu Eulenburg Botho Wendt August Graf zu Eulenburg (31 July 1831 – 5 February 1912) was a Kingdom of Prussia, Prussian politician, statesman. Early life and career Eulenburg was born in Wicken near Bartoszyce, Bartenstein Max von Fabeck Herrmann Gustav Karl Max von Fabeck (6 May 1854 – 16 December 1916) was a Prussian military officer and a German '' General der Infantarie'' during World War I. He commanded the 13th Corps in the 5th Army and took part in the Race to the Sea on ...

Maximilian Vogel von Falckenstein Maximilian Eduard August Hannibal Kunz Sigismund Vogel von Fal(c)kenstein (29 April 1839 – 7 December 1917) was a Prussian ''General der Infanterie'' and politician. Falckenstein was born in Berlin as the son of the Prussian general Edu ...

Ferdinand II of Portugal ''Dom'' Ferdinand II (Portuguese: ''Fernando II'') (29 October 1816 – 15 December 1885) was a German prince of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha-Koháry, and King of Portugal '' jure uxoris'' as the husband of Queen Maria II, from the birth of ...

Hermann von François Hermann Karl Bruno von François (31 January 1856 – 15 May 1933) was a German ''General der Infanterie'' during World War I, and is best known for his key role in several German victories on the Eastern Front in 1914. Early life and military ...

Eduard von Fransecky Eduard Friedrich Karl von Fransecky (16 November 1807 – 22 May 1890) was Prussian general who served in the Austro-Prussian War and the Franco-Prussian War. Biography Fransecky was born in 1807 in Gedern in a military family. In 1818 he ...

Franz Joseph I of Austria Franz Joseph I or Francis Joseph I (german: Franz Joseph Karl, hu, Ferenc József Károly, 18 August 1830 – 21 November 1916) was Emperor of Austria, King of Hungary, and the Grand title of the Emperor of Austria, other states of the Habsburg m ...

Frederick VIII of Denmark Frederick VIII ( da, Christian Frederik Vilhelm Carl; 3 June 1843 – 14 May 1912) was King of Denmark from 29 January 1906 until his death in 1912. The eldest son of King Christian IX, nicknamed the ''Father-in-law of Europe'', Frederic ...

Frederick IX of Denmark Frederick IX ( da, Christian Frederik Franz Michael Carl Valdemar Georg; 11 March 1899 – 14 January 1972) was List of Danish monarchs, King of Denmark from 1947 to 1972. Born into the House of Glücksburg, Frederick was the elder son of Ch ...

Prince Frederick Charles of Hesse Frederick Charles Louis Constantine, Prince and Landgrave of Hesse (german: Friedrich Karl Ludwig Konstantin Prinz und Landgraf von Hessen-Kassel; fi, Fredrik Kaarle; 1 May 1868 – 28 May 1940), was the brother-in-law of the German Empe ...

Frederick Francis II, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin Frederick Francis II ( German: ''Friedrich Franz II;'' 28 February 1823 – 15 April 1883) was a Prussian officer and Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin from 7 March 1842 until 15 April 1883. Biography He was born in Schloss Ludwigslust, t ...

Frederick Francis III, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin Frederick Francis III (german: Friedrich Franz Paul Nikolaus Ernst Heinrich; 19 March 1851 – 10 April 1897) was the penultimate Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. Biography He was born in Schloss Ludwigslust as the son of Frederick Francis II, ...

* Frederick III, German Emperor * Frederick, Prince of Hohenzollern *

Walthère Frère-Orban Hubert Joseph Walthère Frère-Orban (24 April 1812 – 2 January 1896) was a Belgian liberal statesman. Early life He was born at Liège, received his education at home and in Paris, and began the practice of law in his native town. He identif ...

Prince Friedrich Karl of Prussia (1828–1885) Prince Friedrich Karl Nikolaus of Prussia (20 March 1828 – 15 June 1885) was the son of Prince Charles of Prussia (1801–1883) and his wife, Princess Marie of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (1808–1877). Prince Friedrich Karl was a grandson of King ...

Prince Friedrich Leopold of Prussia Prince Friedrich Leopold of Prussia (german: Joachim Karl Wilhelm Friedrich Leopold; 14 November 1865 – 13 September 1931) was a son of Prince Frederick Charles of Prussia and Princess Maria Anna of Anhalt-Dessau, married in 1854. Family ...

Prince Fushimi Hiroyasu was a scion of the Japanese imperial family and was a career naval officer who served as chief of staff of the Imperial Japanese Navy from 1932 to 1941. Early life Prince Hiroyasu was born in Tokyo as Prince Narukata, the eldest son of Prin ...

Prince Fushimi Sadanaru was the 22nd head of the Fushimi-no-miya shinnōke (branch of the Imperial Family). He was a field marshal in the Imperial Japanese Army. Early life Prince Sadanaru was born in Kyoto as the fourteenth son of Prince Fushimi Kuniie (1802– ...

Max von Gallwitz Max Karl Wilhelm von Gallwitz (2 May 1852 – 18 April 1937) was a German general from Breslau (Wrocław), Silesia, who served with distinction during World War I on both the Eastern and Western Fronts. Biography Gallwitz grew up in a Cath ...

* George II of Greece *

George V George V (George Frederick Ernest Albert; 3 June 1865 – 20 January 1936) was King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, and Emperor of India, from 6 May 1910 until Death and state funeral of George V, his death in 1936. Born duri ...

Friedrich von Gerok (officer) Friedrich may refer to: Names * Friedrich (surname), people with the surname ''Friedrich'' * Friedrich (given name), people with the given name ''Friedrich'' Other * Friedrich (board game), a board game about Frederick the Great and the Seven Year ...

* Godefroi, prince de La Tour d'Auvergne-Lauraguais *

Colmar Freiherr von der Goltz Wilhelm Leopold Colmar Freiherr von der Goltz (12 August 1843 – 19 April 1916), also known as ''Goltz Pasha'', was a Prussian Field Marshal and military writer. Military career Goltz was born in , East Prussia (later renamed Goltzhausen; now ...

Heinrich von Gossler Heinrich Wilhelm Martin von Goßler (29 September 1841, in Weißenfels, Province of Saxony – 10 January 1927, in Berlin-Wilmersdorf) was a Prussian General of the Infantry and Minister of War. He was a Knight of Justice (''Rechtsritter'') ...

Guangxu Emperor The Guangxu Emperor (14 August 1871 – 14 November 1908), personal name Zaitian, was the tenth Emperor of the Qing dynasty, and the ninth Qing emperor to rule over China proper. His reign lasted from 1875 to 1908, but in practice he ruled, w ...

Gustaf V Gustaf V (Oscar Gustaf Adolf; 16 June 1858 – 29 October 1950) was King of Sweden from 8 December 1907 until his death in 1950. He was the eldest son of King Oscar II of Sweden and Sophia of Nassau, a half-sister of Adolphe, Grand Duke of Luxe ...

Gustaf VI Adolf Gustaf VI Adolf (Oscar Fredrik Wilhelm Olaf Gustaf Adolf; 11 November 1882 – 15 September 1973) was King of Sweden from 29 October 1950 until his death in 1973. He was the eldest son of Gustaf V and his wife, Victoria of Baden. Before Gustaf Ado ...

Prince Gustav of Denmark Prince Gustav of Denmark (Christian Frederik Vilhelm Valdemar Gustav; 4 March 1887 – 5 October 1944) was a member of the Danish royal family. He was the fourth and youngest son and seventh child of King Frederick VIII and Queen Louise. Early ...

Haakon VII of Norway Haakon VII (; born Prince Carl of Denmark; 3 August 187221 September 1957) was the King of Norway from November 1905 until his death in September 1957. Originally a Danish prince, he was born in Copenhagen as the son of the future Frederick V ...

Gottlieb Graf von Haeseler Gottlieb Ferdinand Albert Alexis Graf von Haeseler (January 19, 1836 – October 25, 1919) was a German military officer of the Imperial Wilhelmine period, with final rank of ''Generalfeldmarschall''. Biography Haeseler was born in Potsdam to ...

Wilhelm von Hahnke Wilhelm Gustav Karl Bernhard von Hahnke (1 October 1833 in Berlin – 8 February 1912) was a Prussian Field Marshal, and Chief of the German Imperial Military Cabinet from 1888 to 1901. Biography Born into an old Prussian family of offic ...

Prince Harald of Denmark Prince Harald of Denmark (''Harald Christian Frederik''; 8 October 1876 – 30 March 1949) was a member of the Danish Royal Family. He was the third son and fourth child of Frederick VIII of Denmark and his wife, Lovisa of Sweden, and thus brother ...

Max von Hausen Max Clemens Lothar Freiherr von Hausen (December 17, 1846 – March 19, 1922) was a German army commander. He participated in the Austro-Prussian and Franco-German Wars and became ''Generaloberst'' of Saxon troops and War Minister in the Kingd ...

Heinrich XXVII, Prince Reuss Younger Line , house = House of Reuss Younger Line , father =Heinrich XIV, Prince Reuss Younger Line , mother =Duchess Agnes of Württemberg , birth_date = , birth_place =Gera, Reuss Younger Line , death_date = , death_place =Gera, Weim ...

* Prince Heinrich of Hesse and by Rhine *

Prince Henry of Prussia (1862–1929) en, Albert William Henry , image = Prince Henry of Prussia (1862–1929), brother of Kaiser Wilhelm II.jpg , caption = , birth_date= , birth_place= Berlin, Kingdom of Prussia , spouse = , house = Hohenzollern , ...

Prince Hermann of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (1825–1901) Hermann George Bernard of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (4 August 1825 at Altenstein Castle – 31 August 1901 in Berchtesgaden) was Prince of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach and Duke of Saxony, and a general in the Württemberger army. Life Hermann was the t ...

* Karl Eberhard Herwarth von Bittenfeld *

J. B. van Heutsz Joannes Benedictus van Heutsz (3 February 1851 – 11 July 1924) was a Dutch military officer who was appointed governor general of the Dutch East Indies in 1904. He had become famous years before by bringing to an end to the long Aceh War. E ...

Higashifushimi Yorihito was the second (and last) head of the Higashifushimi-no-miya, an ''ōke'' cadet branch of the Japanese imperial family. Early life Born on September 19, 1867, as seventeenth (and posthumous) son of Prince Fushimi Kuniie, head of the Fushimi-no ...

Prince Konrad of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst Konrad Maria Eusebius Prinz zu Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst (16 December 1863 – 21 December 1918) was an Austrian aristocrat and statesman. He briefly served as Prime Minister of Austria ( Cisleithania) in Austria-Hungary in 1906. Lif ...

Henning von Holtzendorff Henning Rudolf Adolf Karl von Holtzendorff (9 January 1853 – 7 June 1919) was a German admiral during World War I, who became famous for his December 1916 memo about unrestricted submarine warfare against the United Kingdom. He was a recipient o ...

* Dietrich von Hülsen-Haeseler *

Isma'il Pasha Isma'il Pasha ( ar, إسماعيل باشا ; 12 January 1830 – 2 March 1895), was the Khedive of Egypt and conqueror of Sudan from 1863 to 1879, when he was removed at the behest of Great Britain. Sharing the ambitious outlook of his gran ...

Prince Joachim of Prussia Prince Joachim Franz Humbert of Prussia (17 December 1890 – 18 July 1920) was the youngest son and sixth child of Wilhelm II, German Emperor, by his first wife, Augusta Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein. He committed suicide at age 29. Prince Jo ...

Prince Johann of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg Prince Johann of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg (5 December 1825 – 27 May 1911) was the ninth of the ten children of Friedrich Wilhelm, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg and Princess Louise Caroline of Hesse-Kasse ...

Duke John Albert of Mecklenburg Duke John Albert of Mecklenburg (german: Herzog Johann Albrecht zu Mecklenburg; given names ''John Albert Ernest Constantine Frederick Henry''; 8 December 1857 – 16 February 1920) was a member of the House of Mecklenburg-Schwerin who served as t ...

Prince Julius of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg Prince Julius of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg (14 October 1824, Gottorp, Schleswig, Schleswig – 1 June 1903, Itzehoe, Schleswig-Holstein, Prussia, Germany) was the eighth of the ten children of Friedrich Wilhelm, Duke of Schleswi ...

* Hans von Kaltenborn-Stachau *

Georg von Kameke Arnold Karl Georg von Kameke (14 April 1817, in Pasewalk – 12 October 1893, in Berlin) was a Prussian General of the Infantry and Minister of War. Life Arnold Karl Georg von Kameke was a son of Prussian army officer Georg Christian Friedric ...

Prince Kan'in Kotohito was the sixth head of a cadet branch of the Japanese imperial family, and a career army officer who served as Chief of the Imperial Japanese Army General Staff from 1931 to 1940. During his tenure as the Chief of the Imperial Japanese Army Ge ...

Prince Karl Anton of Hohenzollern , image = Karl Anton, Prince of Hohenzollern by Nicola Perscheid.jpg , image_size = 250px , caption = , birth_date = , birth_place = Sigmaringen, Province of Hohenzollern, Prussia , death_date = , death_place = Namedy, Weimar Republic , ...

Karl Anton, Prince of Hohenzollern , spouse = Princess Josephine of Baden , issue = Leopold, Prince of Hohenzollern Stephanie, Queen of Portugal Carol I, King of Romania Prince Anthony Prince Frederick Princess Marie, Countess of Flanders , house = Hohenzo ...

Katsura Tarō Prince was a Japanese politician and general of the Imperial Japanese Army who served as the Prime Minister of Japan from 1901 to 1906, from 1908 to 1911, and from 1912 to 1913. Katsura was a distinguished general of the First Sino-Japanese W ...

Gustav von Kessel Gustav Emil Bernhard Bodo von Kessel (6 April 1846 – 28 May 1918) was a German general who served in the Austro-Prussian War, the Franco-Prussian War and World War I. Biography Gustav von Kessel was born on 6 April 1846 in Potsdam, Prussia. He ...

Mahboob Ali Khan Asaf Jah VI, also known as, Sir Mir Mahboob Ali Khan Siddiqi Bayafandi (17 August 1866 – 29 August 1911) was the 6th Nizam of Hyderabad. He ruled Hyderabad state, one of the Princely states in India between 1869 and 1911. Early life Mahb ...

Hans von Kirchbach Rudolph Bodo Hans von Kirchbach (born 22 June 1849 in Auerbach (Vogtland) – died 23 July 1928 in Dresden) was a Royal Saxon army officer who was a Generaloberst in the First World War and awarded the Pour le Mérite. Life and military career He ...

Hugo von Kirchbach Hugo Ewald Graf von Kirchbach (23 May 1809 – 26 October 1887) was a Prussian general who commanded the Prussian V Corps during the Franco-Prussian War. Biography He was born in 1809 at Neumarkt in Silesia, to the Saxon noble family of Ki ...

Prince Kitashirakawa Yoshihisa of Japan, was the second head of a collateral branch of the Japanese imperial family. He was formerly enshrined in Tainan-Jinja, Taiwan, under the name ''Kitashirakawa no Miya Yoshihisa-shinnō no Mikoto'' as the main and only deity. Biogra ...

Eduard von Knorr Ernst Wilhelm Eduard von Knorr (8 March 1840 – 17 February 1920) was a German admiral of the Kaiserliche Marine who helped establish the German colonial empire. Life Born in Saarlouis, Rhenish Prussia, Knorr entered the Prussian Navy i ...

Robert Koch Heinrich Hermann Robert Koch ( , ; 11 December 1843 – 27 May 1910) was a German physician and microbiologist. As the discoverer of the specific causative agents of deadly infectious diseases including tuberculosis, cholera (though the Vibrio ...

Hans von Koester Hans Ludwig Raimund von Koester (29 April 1844 – 21 February 1928) was a German naval officer who served in the Prussian Navy and later in the Imperial German Navy. He retired as a Grand Admiral. Career overview Born Hans Ludwig Raimund Koeste ...

Prince Komatsu Akihito was a Japanese career officer in the Imperial Japanese Army, who was a member of the Fushimi-no-miya, one of the ''shinnōke'' branches of the Imperial Family of Japan, which were eligible to succeed to the Chrysanthemum Throne. Biography Earl ...

Leopold I of Belgium * nl, Leopold Joris Christiaan Frederik * en, Leopold George Christian Frederick , image = NICAISE Leopold ANV.jpg , caption = Portrait by Nicaise de Keyser, 1856 , reign = 21 July 1831 – , predecessor = Erasme Loui ...

Leopold II of Belgium * german: link=no, Leopold Ludwig Philipp Maria Viktor , house = Saxe-Coburg and Gotha , father = Leopold I of Belgium , mother = Louise of Orléans , birth_date = , birth_place = Brussels, Belgium , death_date = ...

* Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany *

Prince Leopold of Bavaria Prince Leopold of Bavaria (Leopold Maximilian Joseph Maria Arnulf; 9 February 1846 – 28 September 1930) was born in Munich, the son of Prince Regent Luitpold of Bavaria (1821–1912) and his wife Archduchess Augusta of Austria (1825–1864). H ...

Rudolf von Leuthold Rudolf von Leuthold (born Rudolf Leuthold; 20 February 1832 – 3 December 1905) was a German medical officer and academic. Life Leuthold was born on 20 February 1832 at Zabeltitz near Großenhain in the Kingdom of Saxony, the son of Ernst Fer ...

Alexander von Linsingen Alexander Adolf August Karl von Linsingen (10 February 1850 – 5 June 1935) was a German general during World War I. Military service Linsingen joined the Prussian Army in 1868 and rose to Corps Commander ( II Corps) in 1909. He was one of th ...

Ewald von Lochow Ewald Constantin Ferdinand Friedrich von Lochow (1 April 1855 in Petkus – 11 April 1942 in Berlin-Charlottenburg) was a Prussian officer and later General of Infantry during World War I. He was a recipient of Pour le Mérite with Oakleaves. Aw ...

Walter von Loë Friedrich Karl Walter Degenhard Freiherr von Loë (9 September 1828 – 6 July 1908) was a Prussian soldier and aristocrat. Loë had the distinction of being one of the few Roman Catholics to reach the rank of ''Generalfeldmarschall'' (field mars ...

Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse English: Frederick William Louis Charles , house = Hesse-Darmstadt , father = Prince Charles of Hesse and by Rhine , mother = Princess Elisabeth of Prussia , birth_date = , birth_place = Prinz-Carl-Palais, Darmstadt, Gra ...

Louis XVIII Louis XVIII (Louis Stanislas Xavier; 17 November 1755 – 16 September 1824), known as the Desired (), was King of France from 1814 to 1824, except for a brief interruption during the Hundred Days in 1815. He spent twenty-three years in ...

Louis Ferdinand, Prince of Prussia Louis Ferdinand, Prince of Prussia (german: Louis Ferdinand Victor Eduard Adalbert Michael Hubertus Prinz von Preußen; 9 November 1907 – 26 September 1994) was a member of the princely House of Hohenzollern, which occupied the Prussian and G ...

Prince Louis of Battenberg Admiral of the Fleet Louis Alexander Mountbatten, 1st Marquess of Milford Haven, (24 May 185411 September 1921), formerly Prince Louis Alexander of Battenberg, was a British naval officer and German prince related by marriage to the British ...

Ludwig Wilhelm, Prince of Bentheim and Steinfurt ''Louis William'' , reign = 3 November 186628 September 1890 , succession = Prince of Bentheim and Steinfurt , successor = Alexis , predecessor = Alexius , house = House of Bentheim and Steinfurt , spouse = Landgravine Bertha of Hesse-Philip ...

Joseph Maximilian von Maillinger Joseph Maximilian Fridolin Ritter von Maillinger (4 October 1820 – 6 October 1901) was a Bavarian General der Infanterie and War Minister under Ludwig II of Bavaria. Biography Von Maillinger was born in Passau. After passing his company offic ...

* Albrecht Gustav von Manstein *

Edwin Freiherr von Manteuffel Edwin Karl Rochus Freiherr von Manteuffel (24 February 180917 June 1885) was a Prussian ''Generalfeldmarschall'' noted for his victories in the Franco-Prussian War, and the first Imperial Lieutenant (german: Reichsstatthalter) of Alsace–Lorrai ...

Manuel II of Portugal '' Dom'' Manuel II (15 November 1889 – 2 July 1932), "the Patriot" ( pt, "o Patriota") or "the Unfortunate" (), was the last King of Portugal, ascending the throne after the assassination of his father, King Carlos I, and his elder brother, ...

* Joseph Freiherr von Maroicic *

Georg von der Marwitz Georg Cornelius Adalbert von der Marwitz (7 July 1856 – 27 October 1929) was a Prussian cavalry general, who commanded several German armies during the First World War on both the Eastern and Western fronts. Early military career Marwitz was ...

* Klemens von Metternich * Grand Duke Michael Nikolaevich of Russia * Helmuth von Moltke the Elder *

Helmuth von Moltke the Younger Graf Helmuth Johannes Ludwig von Moltke (; 25 May 1848 – 18 June 1916), also known as Moltke the Younger, was a German general and Chief of the Great German General Staff. He was also the nephew of ''Generalfeldmarschall'' ''Graf'' Helmuth Ka ...

Rudolf Montecuccoli Rudolf Graf Montecuccoli degli Erri (22 February 1843-16 May 1922) was chief of the Austro-Hungarian Navy from 1904 to 1913 and largely responsible for the modernization of the fleet before the First World War. Overview Montecuccoli was born i ...

Prince Moritz of Saxe-Altenburg , image = Prinz Moritz von Sachsen-Altenburg.jpg , image_size = , caption = , spouse = , issue = Marie Anne, Princess of Schaumburg-Lippe Grand Duchess Elizabeth Mavrikievna of Russia Princess Margarethe Ernst II, ...

Georg Alexander von Müller Georg Alexander von Müller (24 March 1854 – 18 April 1940) was an Admiral of the Imperial German Navy and a close friend of the Kaiser in the run up to the First World War. Career Müller grew up in Sweden, where his father worked as a pro ...

Napoleon III Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoléon Bonaparte; 20 April 18089 January 1873) was the first President of France (as Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte) from 1848 to 1852 and the last monarch of France as Emperor of the French from 1852 to 1870. A nephew ...

Oscar II Oscar II (Oscar Fredrik; 21 January 1829 – 8 December 1907) was King of Sweden from 1872 until his death in 1907 and King of Norway from 1872 to 1905. Oscar was the son of King Oscar I and Queen Josephine. He inherited the Swedish and Norweg ...

Prince Oskar of Prussia Prince Oskar Karl Gustav Adolf of Prussia (27 July 1888 – 27 January 1958) was the fifth son of German Emperor Wilhelm II and Augusta Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg. Biography Birth and family Prinz Oskar of Prussia w ...

Alexander August Wilhelm von Pape Alexander August Wilhelm von Pape (2 February 1813 – 7 May 1895) was a Royal Prussian infantry Colonel-General with the special rank of Generalfeldmarschall. Biography Pape was born in Berlin. He started his military career in 1830 as Fah ...

Duke Paul Frederick of Mecklenburg Duke Paul Frederick of Mecklenburg (german: Herzog Paul Friedrich zu Mecklenburg; 19 September 1852 – 17 May 1923) was a member of the House of Mecklenburg-Schwerin and general of the Mecklenburg cavalry. Life Duke Paul Frederick was born i ...

Philipp, Prince of Eulenburg Philipp, Prince of Eulenburg and Hertefeld, Count of Sandels (german: Philipp Friedrich Karl Alexander Botho Fürst zu Eulenburg und Hertefeld Graf von Sandels; 12 February 1847 – 17 September 1921) was a diplomat and composer of Imperial Ger ...

Prince Philippe, Count of Flanders nl, Filips Eugeen Ferdinand Marie Clemens Boudewijn Leopold Joris , image = Philippe comte de Flandre (1880).jpg , caption = , spouse = , issue = , house = Saxe-Coburg and Gotha , father ...

* Hans von Plessen *

Karl von Plettenberg Karl Freiherr von Plettenberg (18 December 1852, in Neuhaus – 10 February 1938, in Bückeburg) was a Prussian officer, and later General of Infantry during World War I. He was Commandant-General of the Guards Corps, Adjutant General of the Ge ...

* Arthur von Posadowsky-Wehner *

Prince Friedrich Wilhelm of Prussia Prince Friedrich Wilhelm of Prussia (german: Prinz Friedrich Wilhelm Viktor Karl Ernst Alexander Heinrich von Preußen; 12 July 18809 March 1925) was a member of the House of Hohenzollern, great-grandson of King Frederick William III of Prussia. ...

Naser al-Din Shah Qajar Naser al-Din Shah Qajar ( fa, ناصرالدین‌شاه قاجار; 16 July 1831 – 1 May 1896) was the fourth Shah of Qajar Iran from 5 September 1848 to 1 May 1896 when he was assassinated. He was the son of Mohammad Shah Qajar and Mal ...

Georg Ræder Johan Georg Ræder (21 March 1814 – 3 January 1898) was a Norwegian military officer, railway pioneer and politician. He was a driving force in the construction of Norway's first railway line, the Hoved Line from Christiania to Eidsvoll, wh ...

Albrecht von Roon Albrecht Theodor Emil Graf von Roon (; 30 April 180323 February 1879) was a Prussian soldier and statesman. As Minister of War from 1859 to 1873, Roon, along with Otto von Bismarck and Helmuth von Moltke, was a dominating figure in Prussia's ...

* Prince Rudolf of Liechtenstein *

Reinhard Scheer Carl Friedrich Heinrich Reinhard Scheer (30 September 1863 – 26 November 1928) was an Admiral in the Imperial German Navy (''Kaiserliche Marine''). Scheer joined the navy in 1879 as an officer cadet and progressed through the ranks, commandin ...

* Sigismund von Schlichting *

Alfred von Schlieffen Graf Alfred von Schlieffen, generally called Count Schlieffen (; 28 February 1833 – 4 January 1913) was a German field marshal and strategist who served as chief of the Imperial German General Staff from 1891 to 1906. His name lived on in t ...

* Emil von Schlitz *

Kurd von Schlözer Kurd von Schlözer (original name ''Conrad Nestor von Schlözer''; 5 January 1822, in Lübeck, Free City of Lübeck – 13 May 1894, in Berlin, German Empire, Germany) was an imperial German historian, diplomat and German Ambassador to the United ...

Gustav von Senden-Bibran Gustav Freiherr (Baron) von Senden-Bibran (23 July 1847, Reisicht, Lower Silesia, Germany – 23 November 1909 in Berlin) was an admiral of the German Imperial Navy. Biography His father was a Silesian landowner who had served in the Austr ...

Prince Sigismund of Prussia (1896–1978) Prince William Victor Charles Augustus Henry Sigismund of Prussia (german: Wilhelm Viktor Karl August Heinrich Sigismund; 27 November 1896 at Kiel – 14 November 1978 at Esparza, Costa Rica), was the second son of Prince Henry of Prussia and ...

* Charles Spencer, 6th Earl Spencer *

Niklaus Friedrich von Steiger Niklaus Friedrich von Steiger (17 May 1729 – 3 December 1799) was a Swiss politician. From 1787 to 1798 he was elected Schultheiss (chief magistrate) of Bern, Switzerland. He was the leader of the political faction that resisted the French i ...

Karl Friedrich von Steinmetz Karl Friedrich von Steinmetz (27 December 1796 – 2 August 1877) was a Prussian ''Generalfeldmarschall''. He was born at Eisenach and joined the army of Prussia during the War of Liberation. Over the Seven Weeks' War he led the V Corps agai ...

Otto Graf zu Stolberg-Wernigerode Otto Graf (From 1890, Fürst) zu Stolberg-Wernigerode (30 October 1837 – 19 November 1896) was an Imperial German politician and the vice-chancellor of the German Empire. Life He was born at Gedern Castle, Hesse, the third and last child ...

Vladimir Sukhomlinov Vladimir Aleksandrovich Sukhomlinov ( rus, Владимир Александрович Сухомлинов, p=sʊxɐˈmlʲinəf; – 2 February 1926) was a Russian general of the Imperial Russian Army who served as the Chief of the General Staf ...

Ludwig Freiherr von und zu der Tann-Rathsamhausen Ludwig Samson Heinrich Arthur Freiherr von und zu der Tann-Rathsamhausen (18 June 181526 April 1881) was a Bavarian general. Early life Born in Darmstadt, on the day of Waterloo, Ludwig was a descendant from the old family of von der Tann, whi ...

Karl Tersztyánszky von Nádas Karl Tersztyánszky von Nádas, officially Károly Tersztyánszky, also alternatively written Tersztyánszky de Nádas (28 October 1854 – 7 March 1921) was an Austro-Hungarian general who served in World War I. Biography Tersztyánszky was born ...

Alfred von Tirpitz Alfred Peter Friedrich von Tirpitz (19 March 1849 – 6 March 1930) was a German grand admiral, Secretary of State of the German Imperial Naval Office, the powerful administrative branch of the German Imperial Navy from 1897 until 1916. Prussi ...

Prince Valdemar of Denmark Prince Valdemar of Denmark (27 October 1858 – 14 January 1939) was a member of the Danish royal family. He was the third son and youngest child of Christian IX of Denmark and Louise of Hesse-Kassel. He had a lifelong naval career. Early l ...

Victor I, Duke of Ratibor Victor I, Duke of Ratibor, Prince of Corvey, Prince of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst (german: Viktor Moritz Carl 1.Herzog von Ratibor, 1.Fürst von Corvey, Prinz zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst; 10 February 181830 January 1893) was a member of House ...

Victor II, Duke of Ratibor Victor II, Duke of Ratibor, Prince of Corvey, Prince of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst (german: Viktor Amadeus 2. Herzog von Ratibor, 2. Fürst von Corvey, Prinz zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst; 6 September 18479 August 1923) was a member of the House ...

* Konstantin Bernhard von Voigts-Rhetz *

Prince Waldemar of Prussia (1889–1945) Prince Waldemar William Louis Frederick Victor of Prussia (german: Waldemar Wilhelm Ludwig Friedrich Viktor Heinrich; 20 March 1889 at Kiel – 2 May 1945 at Tutzing, Bavaria) was the eldest son of Prince Henry of Prussia and his wife, Princess I ...

Alfred von Waldersee Alfred Ludwig Heinrich Karl Graf von Waldersee (8 April 1832 in Potsdam5 March 1904 in Hanover) was a German field marshal (''Generalfeldmarschall'') who became Chief of the Imperial German General Staff. Born into a prominent military family, ...

Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, (1 May 1769 – 14 September 1852) was an Anglo-Irish soldier and Tory statesman who was one of the leading military and political figures of 19th-century Britain, serving twice as prime minister o ...

August von Werder Karl Wilhelm Friedrich August Leopold Graf von Werder (12 September 1808 – 12 September 1887) was a Kingdom of Prussia, Prussian general. Life and career Early life and assignments Werder was born in Schloßberg near Norkitten in the Pr ...

Wilhelm Karl, Duke of Urach Prince Wilhelm of Urach, Count of Württemberg, 2nd Duke of Urach (''Wilhelm Karl Florestan Gero Crescentius''; German: '' Fürst Wilhelm von Urach, Graf von Württemberg, 2. Herzog von Urach''; 30 May 1864 – 24 March 1928), was a German prince ...

Wilhelm, German Crown Prince Wilhelm, German Crown Prince, Crown Prince of Prussia (Friedrich Wilhelm Victor August Ernst; 6 May 1882 – 20 July 1951) was the eldest child of the last ''Kaiser'', the German Emperor, Wilhelm II, and his consort Augusta Victoria of Schles ...

Prince Wilhelm, Duke of Södermanland Prince Wilhelm, Duke of Södermanland (Carl Wilhelm Ludvig; 17 June 1884 – 5 June 1965) was a Swedish and Norwegian prince. He authored many books (primarily in Swedish) as ''Prins Wilhelm''. Personal life Wilhelm was born at Tullgarn Palac ...

William I, German Emperor William I or Wilhelm I (german: Wilhelm Friedrich Ludwig; 22 March 1797 – 9 March 1888) was King of Prussia from 2 January 1861 and German Emperor from 18 January 1871 until his death in 1888. A member of the House of Hohenzollern, he was th ...

Duke William of Württemberg Duke William of Württemberg (german: Wilhelm Nikolaus Herzog von Württemberg; 20 July 1828 – 5 November 1896) was an Austrian and Württemberg General. Early life and family Duke William was born at Carlsruhe, Kingdom of Prussia (now P ...

William, Prince of Hohenzollern , title = , image = William, Prince of Hohenzollern.jpg , caption = , succession = Prince of Hohenzollern , reign=8 June 1905 – 22 October 1927, reign-type=Tenure, predecessor = Leopold , successor = Frederick , spouse ...

William, Prince of Wied , house =Wied-Neuwied , father =Hermann, Prince of Wied , mother = Princess Marie of Nassau , birth_date = , birth_place =Neuwied, Duchy of Nassau , death_date = , death_place =Neuwied, Kingdom of Prussia William V, Pri ...

Friedrich Graf von Wrangel Friedrich Heinrich Ernst Graf von Wrangel (13 April 1784 – 2 November 1877) was a ''Generalfeldmarschall'' of the Prussian Army. A Baltic German, he was nicknamed "Papa Wrangel" and was a member of the Baltic noble family of Wrangel. Ea ...

Duke Eugen of Württemberg (1846–1877) , house =Württemberg , father = Duke Eugen of Württemberg , mother =Princess Mathilde of Schaumburg-Lippe , birth_date = , birth_place = Bückeburg, Schaumburg-Lippe , death_date = , death_place =Düsseldorf, Kingdom of ...

Yamagata Aritomo '' Gensui'' Prince , also known as Prince Yamagata Kyōsuke, was a senior-ranking Japanese military commander, twice-elected Prime Minister of Japan, and a leading member of the '' genrō'', an élite group of senior statesmen who dominated J ...

Yamamoto Gonnohyōe , was an admiral in the Imperial Japanese Navy and twice Prime Minister of Japan from 1913 to 1914 and again from 1923 to 1924. Biography Early life Yamamoto was born in Kagoshima in Satsuma Province (now Kagoshima Prefecture) as the sixth son ...

* Heinrich von Zastrow *

Nikola Zhekov Nikola Todorov Zhekov ( bg, Никола Тодоров Жеков; german: Nikola Todorow Schekow; 6 January 1865 – 1 November 1949) was the Minister of War of Bulgaria in 1915 and served as commander-in-chief from 1915 to 1918 during World Wa ...

;1st Class *

Prince Adalbert of Bavaria (1828–1875) en, Adalbert William George Louis , title = , image = Prince Adalbert of Bavaria (1828–1875).jpg , caption = , spouse = , issue = Prince Ludwig Ferdinand Prince Alfons Isabella, Duchess of GenoaPrincess ElviraPrincess ...

Albert, Prince Consort Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (Franz August Karl Albert Emanuel; 26 August 1819 – 14 December 1861) was the consort of Queen Victoria from their marriage on 10 February 1840 until his death in 1861. Albert was born in the Saxon duch ...

Alexander of Battenberg Alexander Joseph ( bg, Александър I Батенберг; 5 April 185717 November 1893), known as Alexander of Battenberg, was the first prince (''knyaz'') of the Principality of Bulgaria from 1879 until his abdication in 1886. The Bulga ...

Alfred I, Prince of Windisch-Grätz Alfred may refer to: Arts and entertainment *''Alfred J. Kwak'', Dutch-German-Japanese anime television series * ''Alfred'' (Arne opera), a 1740 masque by Thomas Arne * ''Alfred'' (Dvořák), an 1870 opera by Antonín Dvořák *"Alfred (Interlu ...

* August Gyldenstolpe *

Gustav Bachmann Gustav Bachmann (July 13, 1860 in Cammin, Rostock – August 31, 1943 in Kiel) was a German naval officer, and an admiral in World War I. Life Family Bachmann was the son of the farmer Julius Bachmann (1828—1890) and his wife Anna Bachman ...

Alexander Barclay de Tolly-Weymarn Prince Alexander Magnus Friedrich Barclay de Tolly-Weymarn (russian: Александр Петрович Барклай-де-Толли-Веймарн, Alexander Petrovich Barklay-de-Tolli-Veymarn; December 22, 1824 – May 8, 1905), born as A ...

Friedrich von Bernhardi Friedrich Adam Julius von Bernhardi (22 November 1849 – 11 July 1930) was a Prussian general and military historian. He was a best-selling author prior to World War I. A militarist, he is perhaps best known for his bellicose book ''Deutschland ...

Hans Alexis von Biehler Hans Alexis von Biehler (16 June 1818 – 30 December 1886) was a Prussian general. He designed fortifications in many famous locations. Beginning in 1873, he saw fort construction in Cologne, Strasbourg, Poznań, Toruń, Königsberg, Ingolstadt ...

Herbert von Bismarck Nikolaus Heinrich Ferdinand Herbert, Prince of Bismarck (born Nikolaus Heinrich Ferdinand Herbert Graf von Bismarck-Schönhausen; 28 December 1849 – 18 September 1904) was a German politician, who served as Foreign Secretary from 1886 to 1890. H ...

Day Bosanquet Admiral Sir Day Hort Bosanquet, (22 March 1843 – 28 June 1923) was a British politician and senior officer in the Royal Navy. He served as the Governor of South Australia from 18 February 1909 until 22 March 1914. Naval career Born in Alnwick ...

Felix Graf von Bothmer Felix Ludwig Graf von Bothmer (10 December 1852 – 18 March 1937) was a German general from Bavaria. He notably served in the Brusilov offensive of World War I. Military Career and After In 1871 Bothmer joined the Bavarian Army. He spent most ...

Adalbert von Bredow Friedrich William Adalbert von Bredow (24 May 1814 – 3 March 1890) was a German cavalry officer. Military career Born at Briesen near Friesack in Brandenburg, to Friedrich von Bredow (1787–1878) and Bernhardine Sophie () (1792–1859), he ...

Friedrich Wilhelm Freiherr von Bülow Friedrich Wilhelm Freiherr von Bülow, Graf von Dennewitz (16 February 175525 February 1816) was a Prussian general of the Napoleonic Wars. Early life Bülow was born in Falkenberg, in the Altmark, and was the elder brother of Freiherr Dietric ...

Heinrich von Bülow (diplomat) Heinrich Freiherr von Bülow (16 September 1792, in Schwerin – 6 February 1846, in Berlin) was a Prussian statesman. Bülow, born to members of the noble Bülow family, was educated at the ''Domschule Güstrow'', then studied Law from 181 ...

Eduard von Capelle Admiral Eduard von Capelle (10 October 1855 – 23 February 1931) was a German Imperial Navy officer from Celle. He served in the navy from 1872 until his retirement in October, 1918. During his career, Capelle served in the ''Reichsmarin ...

Ernest Cassel Sir Ernest Joseph Cassel, (3 March 1852 – 21 September 1921) was a British merchant banker and capitalist. Born and raised in Prussia, he moved to England at the age of 17. Life and career Cassel was born in Cologne, in the Rhine Province ...

Prince Christian Victor of Schleswig-Holstein Prince Christian Victor Albert Louis Ernst Anton of Schleswig-Holstein (14 April 1867 – 29 October 1900) was a member of the British royal family. He was the eldest son of Princess Helena, third daughter of Queen Victoria. Early life Pri ...

* Leopold Wilhelm von Dobschütz *

Ludvig Douglas Ludvig Vilhelm August Douglas, Count of Mühlhausen, Gondelsheim, Skenninge and Stjernorp, Lord of Langenstein and Stjernorp castles (24 November 1849 - 20 July 1916), was a conservative Swedish politician and official. He was a direct patrilinea ...

Eduard, Duke of Anhalt Eduard Georg Wilhelm, Duke of Anhalt (german: Herzog Eduard Georg Wilhelm Maximilian von Anhalt; 18 April 1861 – 13 September 1918) was a German prince of the House of Ascania and the penultimate ruler of the Duchy of Anhalt from April to Sep ...

Carl August Ehrensvärd (1858–1944) Count Carl August Ehrensvärd (16 September 1858 – 16 February 1944) was a Swedish Navy admiral, politician and Minister for Naval Affairs 1907–1911. Early life Ehrensvärd was born on 16 September 1858 at Tosterup Castle, Tomelilla Municipa ...

Ernst II, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg , image = Ernstii.jpg , image_size = , caption = The Duke in 1915 , succession = Duke of Saxe-Altenburg , reign = 7 February 1908 – , coronation = , predecessor = Ernst I , successor = , spouse = ...

Archduke Franz Karl of Austria Archduke Franz Karl Joseph of Austria (17 December 1802 – 8 March 1878) was a member of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine. He was the father of two emperors: Franz Joseph I of Austria and Maximilian I of Mexico. Through his third son Karl Lu ...

Archduke Friedrich, Duke of Teschen Archduke Friedrich, Duke of Teschen (Friedrich Maria Albrecht Wilhelm Karl; 4 June 1856 – 30 December 1936) was a member of the House of Habsburg and the supreme commander of the Austro-Hungarian Army during World War I. Early life Fr ...

August Neidhardt von Gneisenau August Wilhelm Antonius Graf Neidhardt von Gneisenau (27 October 176023 August 1831) was a Prussian field marshal. He was a prominent figure in the reform of the Prussian military and the War of Liberation. Early life Gneisenau was born at Schil ...

Hans von Gronau Johann Karl Hermann Gronau, from 1913 von Gronau, commonly known as Hans von Gronau (6 December 1850, in Alt Schadow – 22 February 1940, in Potsdam) was a Prussian officer, and General during World War I. World War I At the outbreak of World W ...

Gustav, Prince of Vasa Prince Gustav of Vasa, Count Itterburg (german: Gustav, Prinz von Wasa; 9 November 1799 at Stockholm – 4 August/5 August 1877 at Pillnitz), born Crown Prince of Sweden, was the son of King Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden and Queen Frederica. His Aust ...

Jakob von Hartmann Jakob Freiherr von Hartmann (4 February 1795 – 23 February 1873) was a Bavarian general who served in the Austro-Prussian War and Franco-Prussian War. Early life and French service Hartmann was born the son of Georg Hartmann and Barbara Geith ...

Samu Hazai Baron Samu Hazai (german: Samuel Freiherr von Hazai; 26 December 1851 – 10 February 1942) was a Hungarian military officer and politician of Jewish origin, who served as Minister of Defence of Hungary between 1910 and 1917. Decorations and a ...

Frederick VI, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg Frederick VI (30 July 1769 – 2 April 1829) reigned as Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg from 1820 until his death in 1829. Biography Born in Homburg, Hesse, on 30 July 1769, Friedrich Joseph Ludwig Carl August was the eldest son of the incumbent L ...

Friedrich von Ingenohl Gustav Heinrich Ernst Friedrich von Ingenohl (30 June 1857 – 19 December 1933) was a German admiral from Neuwied best known for his command of the German High Seas Fleet at the beginning of World War I. He was the son of a tradesman. H ...

* Archduke John of Austria *

Kalākaua Kalākaua (David Laʻamea Kamananakapu Mahinulani Naloiaehuokalani Lumialani Kalākaua; November 16, 1836 – January 20, 1891), sometimes called The Merrie Monarch, was the last king and penultimate monarch of the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi, ...

Prince Karl Theodor of Bavaria en, Charles Theodore Maximilian Augustus , spouse = , issue = , house = Wittelsbach , father = Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria , mother = Princess Augusta Wilhelmine of Hesse-Darmstadt , birth_date = , birth_pl ...

Algernon Keith-Falconer, 9th Earl of Kintore Algernon may refer to: * Algernon (name), a given name (includes a list of people and characters with the name) * Algernon Township, Custer County, Nebraska See also * Treaty of Algeron, an agreement signed by the United Federation of Planets and ...

Kodama Gentarō Viscount was a Japanese general in the Imperial Japanese Army and a government minister during the Meiji period. He was instrumental in establishing the modern Imperial Japanese military. Early life Kodama was born on March 16, 1852, in Toku ...

Konstantin of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst The first name Konstantin () is a derivation from the Latin name '' Constantinus'' (Constantine) in some European languages, such as Russian and German. As a Christian given name, it refers to the memory of the Roman emperor Constantine the Great ...

Leopold IV, Duke of Anhalt Leopold IV Frederick, Duke of Anhalt (1 October 1794 – 22 May 1871) was a German prince of the House of Ascania. From 1817 until 1853 he was ruler of the duchy of Anhalt-Dessau and from 1847 until 1853 also ruler of the duchy of Anhalt-Köthen ...

Charles Liedts Charles Augustin Baron Liedts (2 December 1802 in Oudenaarde – 21 March 1878) was a Belgium, Belgian Liberalism, liberal politician. Born into the Bourgeoisie of Oudenaarde he became only 28 years young member of the National Congress of Belg ...

* Archduke Ludwig Viktor of Austria *

Duke Charles of Mecklenburg Duke Charles of Mecklenburg (german: Herzog Carl zu Mecklenburg) (30 November 1785 – 21 September 1837) was a member of the House of Mecklenburg-Strelitz and a Prussian soldier who served in the Napoleonic Wars. From 1827 until his death he was P ...

Christoph Johann von Medem Count Christoph Johann Friedrich von Medem (''Jeannot Medem''; 1763 – 1838) was a nobleman from Courland and courtier in the courts of Prussian kings Frederick the Great, Frederick William II and Emperor of Russia Paul I. His sisters were poe ...

Emmanuel von Mensdorff-Pouilly Emmanuel Graf von Mensdorff-Pouilly (24 January 1777 – 28 June 1852) was an army officer in the Imperial-Royal Army of the Austrian Empire, and vice-governor of Mainz. He was the uncle of Queen Victoria and the godfather of her husband, Pr ...

Ivan Nabokov Ivan Aleksandrovich Nabokov (russian: Иван Александрович Набоков) (11 March 1787 – 21 April 1852) was a Russian Adjutant general and general of infantry prominent during the Napoleonic wars. Biography Nabokov came fr ...

August Ludwig von Nostitz August Ludwig Ferdinand Count von Nostitz-Ransen (27 December 1777, Zessel, near Öls – 28 May 1866, on his estates at Zobten, near Löwenberg in Schlesien) was a Prussian general who acted as adjutant general to Frederick William III of Pru ...

Jean-Baptiste Nothomb Jean-Baptiste, Baron Nothomb (3 July 1805 – 16 September 1881) was a Belgian statesman and diplomat, who served as the prime minister of Belgium from 1841 to 1845. Life Revolution Born at Messancy in Luxembourg on 3 July 1805, he was educate ...

Alexey Fyodorovich Orlov Prince Alexey Fyodorovich Orlov (russian: Алексе́й Фёдорович Орло́в; ) was a Russian diplomat, the natural son of Count Fyodor Grigoryevich Orlov. Born in Moscow, he took part in the Napoleonic Wars from 1805 to the c ...

Prince Paul of Württemberg Prince Paul of Württemberg (Paul Heinrich Karl Friedrich August; 19 January 1785 – 16 April 1852) was the fourth child and second son of King Frederick I and his wife, Duchess Augusta of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel. Early life Paul was born in St ...

Ernst von Pfuel Ernst Heinrich Adolf von Pfuel (3 November 1779 – 3 December 1866) was a Prussian general, as well as Prussian Minister of War and later Prime Minister of Prussia. Pfuel was born in Jahnsfelde, Prussia (present-day Müncheberg, Germany ...

Georg Dubislav Ludwig von Pirch Georg Dubislav Ludwig von Pirch (13 December 1763 – 3 April 1838) was a Prussian lieutenant general who fought in the Napoleonic Wars, participating in the battles of Battle of Leipzig, Leipzig and Battle of Waterloo, Waterloo. He is sometimes ...

Ernst von Plener Ernst Baron von Plener (18 October 1841 in Cheb, Eger, Bohemia – 29 April 1923 in Vienna, Austria) was an Austrian statesman, son of Ignaz von Plener. He was educated at University of Vienna, Vienna and Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin. He ...

Hugo von Pohl Hugo von Pohl (25 August 1855 – 23 February 1916) was a German admiral who served during the First World War. He joined the Navy in 1872 and served in various capacities, including with the new torpedo boats in the 1880s, and in the ''Reic ...

* Carlo Andrea Pozzo di Borgo *

Joseph Radetzky von Radetz Johann Josef Wenzel Anton Franz Karl, Graf Radetzky von Radetz ( en, John Joseph Wenceslaus Anthony Francis Charles, Count Radetzky of Radetz; cz, Jan Josef Václav Antonín František Karel hrabě Radecký z Radče; sl, Janez Jožef Vencelj ...

Antoni Wilhelm Radziwiłł Prince Antoni Wilhelm Radziwiłł ( pl, Fryderyk Wilhelm Ferdynand Antoni Radziwiłł; 31 March 183316 December 1904) was a member of the Polish-Lithuanian nobility and a General of the Artillery in the Prussian Army. He was the nephew of Princes ...

* Wilhelm Eugen Ludwig Ferdinand von Rohr *

Willem Rooseboom Willem Rooseboom (9 March 1843 – 6 March 1920) was a Dutch Major General and politician. He was Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies The governor-general of the Dutch East Indies ( nl, gouverneur-generaal van Nederlands Indië) repr ...

Saionji Kinmochi Prince was a Japanese politician and statesman who served as Prime Minister of Japan from 1906 to 1908 and from 1911 to 1912. He was elevated from marquis to prince in 1920. As the last surviving member of Japan's ''genrō,'' he was the most i ...

Saitō Makoto Viscount was a Japanese naval officer and politician. Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005)"Saitō Makoto"in ''Japan Encyclopedia'', p. 809. Upon distinguishing himself during his command of two cruisers in the First Sino-Japanese War, Saitō rose ...

Friedrich von Scholtz Boje Friedrich Nikolaus von Scholtz (born 24 March 1851 in Flensburg – died 30 April 1927 in Ballenstedt) was a German general, who served as commander of 20th Corps and the 8th Army of the German Empire on the Eastern Front in the First World W ...

Ludwig von Schröder Ludwig von Schröder (17 July 1854 Hintzenkamp near Eggesin – 23 July 1933 in Berlin-Halensee) was an Imperial German Navy officer and Admiral during the First World War and a recipient of the ''Pour le Mérite'' with Oak Leaves. Schröder e ...

Archduke Stephen of Austria (Palatine of Hungary) Archduke Stephen Francis Victor (german: Stephan Franz Viktor; hu, István Ferenc Viktor; 14 September 1817 – 19 February 1867) was a member of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine and the last Palatine of Hungary, serving from 1847 to 1848. Bi ...

Rudolf Stöger-Steiner von Steinstätten Rudolf Stöger-Steiner Freiherr von Steinstätten (26 April 1861 – 12 May 1921) was a Austro-Hungarian Army#Ranks, colonel general in the Austro-Hungarian army and served as the last Minister of War (Austria-Hungary), Imperial Minister for ...

Hermann von Strantz Hermann Christian Wilhelm von Strantz (13 February 1853 in Nakel an der Netze – 3 November 1936 in Dessau) was a Prussian officer, and later General of Infantry during World War I. He was a recipient of Pour le Mérite. World War I In 1914, ...

Julius von Verdy du Vernois Adrian Friedrich Wilhelm Julius Ludwig von Verdy du Vernois (19 July 1832 – 30 September 1910), often given the short name of Verdy, was a German general and staff officer, chiefly noted both for his military writings and his service on ...

* Wilhelm René de l'Homme de Courbière *

William II, Elector of Hesse William II (german: Wilhelm II; 28 July 1777 – 20 November 1847) was the penultimate Elector of Hesse.After 1806, the title of ''Elector'' was meaningless, since no more Holy Roman Emperors could be elected, because the Empire had been dissolve ...

Prince William of Baden (1829–1897) , image = Ludwig Wilhelm August (3. Sohn des Großherzogs Leopold I. von Baden).jpg , caption = Portrait, 1897 , spouse = , issue = Marie, Duchess of Anhalt Prince Maximilian , house = Zähringen , father ...

Prince William of Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld William of Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld (3 October 1831 – 17 January 1890), was a German prince of the Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld branch of the House of Hesse, and ''Konteradmiral'' (counter admiral) of the Prussian and Imperial German Navy. ...

Ludwig von Wolzogen Justus Philipp Adolf Wilhelm Ludwig Freiherr von Wolzogen (4 February 1773 – 4 July 1845) was a Württembergian military officer, who served during the Napoleonic Wars. Biography Early life Wolzogen's father, Ernst Ludwig Freiherr von Wol ...

Duke Eugen of Württemberg (1788–1857) Duke Eugen of Württemberg (german: Herzog Friedrich Eugen Carl Paul Ludwig von Württemberg; 8 January 1788 – 16 September 1857) was a German prince and a General of Infantry in the Imperial Russian Army during the Napoleonic Wars. Early life ...

Arthur Zimmermann Arthur Zimmermann (5 October 1864 – 6 June 1940) was State Secretary for Foreign Affairs of the German Empire from 22 November 1916 until his resignation on 6 August 1917. His name is associated with the Zimmermann Telegram during World War ...

;2nd Class *

Akiyama Yoshifuru was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army, and is considered the father of modern Japanese cavalry. He was older brother to Vice Admiral Akiyama Saneyuki Biography Early life Born as the third son to a poor samurai in the Matsuyama Domain, ...

* Ilya I. Alekseyev *

Duke Alexander of Württemberg (1771–1833) Duke Alexander of Württemberg (Mömpelgard/Montbéliard, then Württemberg (now France); 24 April 1771 – 4 July 1833, in Gotha, Thuringia, Germany)p.448, Mikaberidze was a Duke of Württemberg. The son of Frederick II Eugene, Duke of Württe ...

William Balck __NOTOC__ Konrad Friedrich August Henry William Balck (October 19, 1858 in Osnabrück July 15, 1924 in Aurich) was a Prussian officer and military officer who reached the rank of ' during World War I. Life He was the son of British Lieutenant ...

Martin Chales de Beaulieu Franz Martin Chales de Beaulieu (11 November 1857 – 27 April 1945) was a German general in World War I. He was also involved in the Herero Wars as chief of staff to Lothar von Trotha. Life Franz Martin Chales de Beaulieu was born as son of ...

Paul Behncke Paul Behncke (13 August 1869 – 4 January 1937) was a German admiral during the First World War, most notable for his command of the III Battle Squadron of the German High Seas Fleet during the Battle of Jutland. Naval career He was born in Lü ...

Konstantin von Benckendorff Konstantin von Benckendorff (russian: Константин Христофорович Бенкендорф, ''Konstantin Khristoforovich Benkendorf''; 31 January 1785 – 6 August 1828) was a Baltic German general and diplomat. Life and career K ...

Wilhelm von Bismarck Count Wilhelm Otto Albrecht von Bismarck-Schönhausen (1 August 1852 – 30 May 1901) was a German counselor, civil servant and politician, who served as a member of the Reichstag from 1880 to 1881 and president of the Regency of Hanover from ...

Friedrich Boedicker Friedrich Boedicker, (13 March 1866, in Kassel – 20 September 1944) was a '' Vizeadmiral'' (vice admiral) of the Kaiserliche Marine during the First World War. Biography Boedicker is perhaps best known for being present at the Battle of Jutla ...

Paul von Bruns Paul von Bruns was a German surgeon. He was born in Tübingen, and was the son of surgeon Victor von Bruns. His father-in-law was Protestant theologian Karl Heinrich Weizsäcker. Bruns was born July 2, 1846. In 1882, Bruns became director of the ...

Hans von Bülow Freiherr Hans Guido von Bülow (8 January 1830 – 12 February 1894) was a German conductor, virtuoso pianist, and composer of the Romantic era. As one of the most distinguished conductors of the 19th century, his activity was critical for es ...

Christian Conrad Sophus Danneskiold-Samsøe (1836-1908) Christian Conrad Sophus, Count Danneskiold-Samsøe (29 August 1836 - 1 November 1908), normally referred to as Christian Danneskiold-Samsøe, was member of the Danish comital family Danneskiold-Samsøe, landowner and administrative leader of the Ro ...

Evgraf Davydov , native_name_lang = , birth_name = , nickname = , birth_date = 1775 , birth_place = Tula Governorate, Russian Empire , death_date = 1823 (aged 47-48) , death_place = , placeofburial = , placeofburial_label = , pl ...

Hermann Deiters Hermann Deiters (27 June 183311 May 1907) was a German writer about music, and educator. He is known for his writings about Ludwig van Beethoven, publishing the composer's first major biography as a translation of Alexander Wheelock Thayer's work ...

Karl von Einem Karl Wilhelm Georg August von Einem genannt von Rothmaler (1 January 1853 – 7 April 1934) was the commander of the German 3rd Army during the First World War and served as the Prussian Minister of War responsible for much of the German milit ...

* Ludwig Elster * Oskar Enqvist *

Friedrich Albrecht zu Eulenburg Count Friedrich Albrecht zu Eulenburg (29 June 1815 – 2 June 1881) was a Prussian diplomat and politician. He led the Eulenburg Expedition and secured the Prusso-Japanese Treaty of 24 January 1861, which was similar to other unequal treaties ...

* Ivan Fullon * Georg Freiherr von Gayl * Sidney Greville *

Wilhelm Groener Karl Eduard Wilhelm Groener (; 22 November 1867 – 3 May 1939) was a German general and politician. His organisational and logistical abilities resulted in a successful military career before and during World War I. After a confrontation wi ...

* Erich von Gündell * Ernst August Hagen * Friedrich von Hassel * Franz von Hipper * Eberhard von Hofacker * Oskar von Hutier * Paisi Kaysarov * August von Kleist * Konstantin Poltoratsky * Hermann von Kuhl * Julius Kühn * Alfred von Kühne * Alexander Mikhailovich Lermontov * Otto von Lossow * Friedrich Graf von der Schulenburg * Edward Montagu-Stuart-Wortley * Curt von Morgen * Otto von Moser * Dmitry Neverovsky * Georg Heinrich Ludwig Nicolovius * Ferdinand von Quast * Wilhelm von Ramming * Hubert von Rebeur-Paschwitz * Nikolai Reitsenshtein * Ludwig von Reuter * Eduard Schensnovich * Heinrich Scheuch * Ehrhard Schmidt * Leopold von Schrötter * Carl Georg Schwing * Arkady Skugarevsky * Wilhelm Souchon * Adolf von Trotha * Nikita Volkonsky * Oskar von Watter ;3rd Class * Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg * Nikolai Dimitrievich Dabić * Gunther von Etzel * Victor Franke * Ivan Fullon * Hasan bey Agalarov * Ernst von Hoeppner * Adolf Wild von Hohenborn * Ferdinand Jühlke * Karl Wilhelm Heinrich von Kleist * Friedrich Wilhelm Kritzinger (theologian) * Wilhelm Lamey * Leberecht Maass * Hugo Meurer * Jan Willem Louis van Oordt * Ferdinand von Parseval * Johann Heinrich Richartz * Manfred von Richthofen * Alfred Saalwächter * Eberhard Graf von Schmettow * Constantin von Tischendorf * Eduard Vogel von Falckenstein * Ferdinand Franz Wallraf ;Other or Unknown Classes * Konrad Adenauer * Yevgeni Ivanovich Alekseyev * Ali bin Hamud of Zanzibar * Marcos Antônio de Araújo, Viscount of Itajubá * Augusta Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein * Theodor Avellan * Karl Gustav von Baggovut * Pyotr Bagration * Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly * Jacob Friedrich Behrend * Ernst von Bibra * Friedrich Wilhelm von Bismarck * Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher * Karl August Ferdinand von Borcke * Gustav Jacob Born * Władysław Grzegorz Branicki * Adolf von Brudermann * Rudolf von Brudermann * Meno Burg * Paul von Buri * Ottavio Cagiano de Azevedo * Yefim Chaplits * Charles Frederick, Grand Duke of Baden * Charles Louis, Hereditary Prince of Baden * Christian of the Palatinate-Zweibrücken (1752–1817) * Gustav Cohn * John Edmund Commerell * Carl Emanuel Conrad * Dmitry Bagration-Imeretinsky * Fleetwood Edwards * Karl Friedrich Eichhorn * Howard Craufurd Elphinstone * Friedrich August Elsasser * Grigori Engelhardt * William Fane De Salis (admiral) * Walther Forstmann * Frederick William III, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck * Frederick Charles Louis, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck * Annibale de Gasparis * Friedrich von Georgi * Jean-Léon Gérôme * Dmitry Golitsyn * James Grierson (British Army officer), James Grierson * Wilhelm Heinrich von Grolman * Ian Hamilton (British Army officer) * Carl Jacob Hammarsköld * Eduard Heis * William Hespeler * Philip, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg * Paul von Hindenburg * Dietrich Hogemann * Heinrich Jacobi (archaeologist) * John Jellicoe, 1st Earl Jellicoe * Rudolf Jordan (painter) * Archduke Joseph August of Austria * Karl, Prince of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen * Thomas Kelly-Kenny * Colin Richard Keppel * Pyotr Kikin * Franz Körte * Semyon Kozak * Prince Kraft zu Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen * Ignacy Krasicki * Charles Vane, 3rd Marquess of Londonderry * Louis I, Grand Duke of Baden * Gari Melchers * Aleksey Melissino * Edward Montagu-Stuart-Wortley * Krzysztof Celestyn Mrongovius * George Murray (British Army officer) * Charles Napier (Royal Navy officer) * Vladimir Nemirovich-Danchenko * Daniel Nordlander * Fabian Gottlieb von der Osten-Sacken * Charles Sprague Pearce *

* Kazimierz Porębski * George Edward Post * Dighton Probyn * Antoni Radziwiłł * Pablo Riccheri * Julius Roeting * Carl Ludwig Sahl * John Francis Charles, 7th Count de Salis-Soglio * Peter, 5th Count de Salis-Soglio * Max Sandreczky * Aleksei Scherbatov * Ernst Christian Julius Schering * Albert Schulz * Manuel Silvela y Le Vielleuze * Mikhail Skobelev * Pavlo Skoropadskyi * Thomas Smith-Dorrien-Smith * Charles Spencer, 6th Earl Spencer * Konstantin Stanislavski * Wolfgang Straßmann * Ludwig August von Stutterheim * Wilhelm Ternite * Otto Tschirch * Diedrich Uhlhorn * Antonio Aguilar y Correa, Marquis of Vega de Armijo * Godfried van Voorst tot Voorst * Baldwin Wake Walker * Ricardo Wall * Friedrich Wilhelm Weber * Friedrich Wigger * Wilhelm II, German Emperor * Sir James Wylie, 1st Baronet * Oskar von Xylander * Aleksey Petrovich Yermolov * Mass'oud Mirza Zell-e Soltan What follows are some additional details on a fair cross section of individuals who were known to be conferred with the order in its several classes, in order of precedence. The Order of the Red Eagle was conferred frequently upon foreign nationals, both royal and non-royal, to honor their individual position or work and to further the diplomatic relations with their respective nations, in much the same way that the Order of the Bath is still conferred by the British monarchy.

Grand Cross (1861–1918)

German / Prussian * Augusta of Saxe-Weimar, Empress Augusta (1811–1890), wife and empress consort of Kaiser Wilhelm I * GFM Albrecht von Roon, Albrecht Theodore Emil, Graf von Roon (1803–1879) – previous 3rd Class Knight, automatically awarded the Grand Cross in conjunction with being awarded with the Order of the Black Eagle, ca 1866, for service during the war with Austria, immediately after his success at the battle of Nikolsburg. * Otto Theodor von Manteuffel, Otto Theodor Freiherr von Manteuffel (1805–1882), Prussian Minister of the Interior (Prime Minister), 1848; awarded the Grand Cross, with Scepter and Crown, by Friedrich Wilhelm IV * Prince Heinrich of Prussia, second son of Friedrich III and brother of Wilhelm II * Augusta Viktoria of Schleswig-Holstein, Empress Augusta Viktoria (1858–1921), wife and empress consort of Kaiser Wilhelm II *

(1815–1898), German statesman, Prussian chancellor and prime minister of the German Empire *

Max von Fabeck Herrmann Gustav Karl Max von Fabeck (6 May 1854 – 16 December 1916) was a Prussian military officer and a German '' General der Infantarie'' during World War I. He commanded the 13th Corps in the 5th Army and took part in the Race to the Sea on ...

(1854–1916), with oakleaves, Prussian General * Gen-Lt. Ferdinand von Zeppelin, Ferdinand Graf von Zeppelin (1838–1917), aviator, inventor of the airship, and founder of Zeppelin Airship Company * GFM (later Reichspräsident) Paul von Hindenburg (1847–1934), invested with the Grand Cross, with Oak Leaves and Swords *

(1847–1909) with oak leaves and swords, was an admiral of the German Imperial Navy * GFM Helmuth von Moltke the Elder, Helmuth von Moltke (the Elder), (1800–1891), Chief of the German General Staff * William, German Crown Prince, Crown Prince Wilhelm of Prussia, Crown Prince of the German Empire (1882–1951), invested c. his 10th birthday, 1892 *

(1883–1942), second son of Kaiser Wilhelm II * Prince Adalbert of Prussia (1884–1948), Prince Adalbert of Prussia (1884–1948), third son of Kaiser Wilhelm II *

(1887–1949), fourth son of Kaiser Wilhelm II *

(1888–1958), fifth son of Kaiser Wilhelm II * Bernhard von Bülow, Bernhard Freiherr von Bülow (1849–1929), Minister of Foreign Affairs, conferred, January 6, 1898, for his successes in advancing relations with China. *

(1890–1920), sixth son of Kaiser Wilhelm II * Dr. Karl Heinrich Schönstedt, Prussian Minister of Justice, invested with the Grand Cross of the Order on the occasion of Kaiser Wilhelm II's birthday, January 27, 1900 * Ernst Frhr von Hammerstein-Loxten (1827–1914), Prussian Minister of Agriculture, conferred on the occasion of Kaiser Wilhelm II's birthday, January 27, 1900 * Arthur von Posadowsky-Wehner, Arthur Count von Posadowsky-Wehner (1845–1932), Prussian Minister of the Interior and Vice Chancellor, conferred on the occasion of Kairser Wilhelm II´s birthday, January 27, 1902 * Prince Friedrich Sigismund of Prussia (1891–1927), Prince Friedrich Sigismund of Prussia (1891–1927), nephew of Kaiser Wilhelm II, pilot during the Great War, invested with the Grand Cross with Crown * Paul von Breitenbach (1850–1930), German Statesman; invested with the Grand Cross of the Order, 1913, by statute of the Order of the Black Eagle * Großadmiral

(1849–1930); conferred with the Order of the Red Eagle, Grand Cross, with Crown; also conferred with the

* Korvettenkapitän Gerhard Stubenrauch (b. 1880) – previously awarded the Knight's Cross, 4th Class, Stubenrauch was the commander of all naval aviation in the Kaiserlich Marine Foreign * George IV of the United Kingdom, George IV, King of Great Britain (1762–1830), invested 6/9/1814 * William IV of the United Kingdom, William IV, King of Great Britain (1765–1837), invested 6/9/1814 * Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord, Prince Talleyrand (France) * Prince Klemens Wenzel von Metternich, Prince Metternich-Winnebourg-Ochsenhausen (German: Klemens Wenzel Nepomuk Lothar Fürst von Metternich-Winneburg zu Beilstein), Austrian Foreign Minister, 1809–1848 * Andreas Razumovsky, Prince Andreas Rasoumoffsky (1752–1836), PC (Russia) * Gustavus, Count de Stackelberg, PC (Russia) * Karl Nesselrode, Karl, Count of Nesselrode (1780–1862), Privy Councilor (Russia) * Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh & Saxe-Coburg_Gotha (1844–1900, GB), invested 5/7/1864 * Alexander III of Russia, Alexander III, Tsar of Russia (1845–1894) * Gen Sir Dighton Probyn (1833–1924), VC, GCB – invested at GC / 1st Class (India / GB) * Gen. Sir Thomas Kelly-Kenny (1840–1914), (GB) * Edward VII of the United Kingdom, Edward VII, King of Great Britain (1841–1910), invested 1/17/1869 * Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn (1850–1942, GB), invested 1873 * Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany (1853–1884, GB), invested 3/31/1879 * Prince Arthur of Connaught (1883–1938, GB), invested 1/13/1883 *

(1847–1895), Japanese imperial family and soldier, invested December 1889 * Itō Hirobumi, Marquis Itō Hirobumi (1841–1909), Prime Minister of Japan, received the GC 12/22/1886, later received the GC in brilliants 12/14/1901 * Yamagata Aritomo, Marquis Yamagata Aritomo (1838–1922), Prime Minister of Japan, invested June 1899 * Aoki Shūzō, Viscount Aoki Shūzō (1844–1914), Japanese minister to Berlin, received the GC 1/26/1895, later received the GC in brilliants 6/18/1897 * The

(1871–1908), 11th Qing Emperor of China, invested 1898 * Li Hongzhang, First Class Marquis Suyi Li Hongzhang (1823-1901), Chinese politician and diplomat, invested 6/14/1896 * Yuan Shikai (1859–1916), Chinese politician and general * Nicholas de Giers, Nikolay Karlovich Giers (1820–1895), Russian Foreign Minister and architect of the Franco-Russian Alliance; Grand Cross (by statute of the Order of the Black Eagle), July 23, 1888 * Alfred, Hereditary Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Prince Alfred of Edinburgh (1874–1899, GB), invested June 1889 * George V of the United Kingdom, George V, King of Great Britain (1865–1936), invested 7/3/1890 * Duke of Fife, Alexander, Duke of Fife (1849–1912, GB), invested 1892 * Gen.-Lt. Constantin von Alvensleben (1809–1892), invested with the Grand Cross, 1892, by statute of the Order of the Black Eagle * FM Archduke Friedrich, Duke of Teschen, Archduke Friedrich of Austria-Hungary (1856–1936), GC / 1st Class (also held the Ord of the Black Eagle from October 22, 1892) – invested c. 1895 *

, President of Mexico (1876–1880, 1884–1911) * St John Brodrick, 1st Earl of Midleton, St John Brodrick, British Secretary of State for War (1856–1942), invested in September 1902 when he visited Prussia for German Army maneuvers. * Adolphus Cambridge, 1st Marquess of Cambridge (formerly Prince Adolphus Duke of Teck) (1868–1927, GB), invested 1903 * Katsura Tarō, Count Katsura Tarō (1848–1913), Japanese politician and soldier, October 4, 1906 * Haakon VII of Norway, Haakon VII, King of Norway (1872–1957), invested 5/27/1907 * Mahbub Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VI - Nizam (sovereign prince) of Hyderabad, a principality in India; honorary (British and Indian) lieutenant general, invested 1911 * Albert I of Belgium, Albert I, King of the Belgians (1875–1934) * Charles Vane, 3rd Marquess of Londonderry, LTG Rt. Hon Charles William Stewart, Lord Stewart (GB) British soldier, politician and nobleman, great-grandfather of Winston Churchill * MG Carl Löwenhielm, Count of Löwenhielm (Sweden / Norway) * Franz Joseph I of Austria, Franz Josef I, Emperor of Austria-Hungary (1830–1916) * Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse, Ludwig IV, Grand Duke of Hesse & by Rhine (1837–1892), son-in-law of Queen Victoria; brother-in-law of Friedrich III; uncle of Wilhelm II * Gen der INF Otto von Bülow – Nov 15, 1917, by statute regarding conferral of the Order of the Black Eagle * Ernest Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse, Ernst Ludwig, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine (1868–1937), grandson of Queen Victoria, husband of Princess Victoria Melita of Edinburgh, cousin of Kaiser Wilhelm II, invested with the Grand Cross or the 1st Class (?) * General der Infanterie Friedrich Bertram Sixt von Armin (1851–1936), awarded the Grand Cross by statute of the Order of the Black Eagle, conferred, 1917 *

(1846–1930); Awarded the Grand Cross with Swords; also a member of the Order of the Black Eagle * Prince Franz of Bavaria (1875–1957); awarded the Grand Cross by statute of the Order of Black Eagle * Naser al-Din Shah Qajar, Naser al-Din Shah (1831–1896), Shah of Persia (1848–1896) * Mozaffar al-Din Shah Qajar, Mozaffar al-Din Shah (1853–1907), Shah of Persia (1896–1907) * Pavlo Skoropadskyi, hetman of the Ukrainian State. Granted in 1918 * Marcos Antônio de Araújo, Viscount of Itajubá. Ambassador of Emperor Dom Pedro II of Brazil to the King of Hanover and King of Prussia.

Knights 1st Class (1705–1918)

German * Wilhelm von Humboldt, Wilhelm Frhr von Humboldt (1767–1835) (Prussia), German language scholar and statesman * Karl August von Hardenberg, Karl August, Prince of Hardenburg (1750–1822), Chancellor of State (Prussia), 1804–1806; 1807; and 1810–1822 *

- Prussian Army, Prussian general and Prime Minister of Prussia, awarded the 1st Class with Oak Leaves (1836) and Diamonds (1842). Previously awarded the 2nd Class with Oak Leaves (1830) and Star (1831); 3rd Class (1827) * Ludwig von Massow, awarded the 1st Class with Oak Leaves * Louis III, Grand Duke of Hesse (1806–1877), awarded the 1st Class with Swords * Grand Admiral

, awarded the Order, 1st Class, with Oak Leaves, on the occasion of Kaiser Wilhelm II's birthday, January 27, 1900 (Source: New York Times) * Dr. Studt, Minister of Public Instruction, awarded the Order, 1st Class, on the occasion of Kaiser Wilhelm II's birthday, January 27, 1900 * Count Hochberg, awarded the Order, 1st Class, on the occasion of Kaiser Wilhelm II's birthday, January 27, 1900 * Generalleutnant á la suite Viktor Adolph Theophil von Podbielski (1844–1916), hussar general, Prussian Minister of Agriculture, Postmaster General, and President of the German Olympic Committee; awarded 1st Class with oak leaves and crossed swords, on the occasion of Kaiser Wilhelm II´s birthday January 27, 1902 * Theodor von Holleben, German Ambassador to the United States; awarded 1st Class with oak leaves after the visit of Prince Henry of Prussia (1862–1929), Prince Henry of Prussia to the US, March 1902. * Baron Hermann Speck von Sternburg, Prussian Consul to Calcutta, German Ambassador to the United States, awarded the 1st Class, Jan 5, 1903 * Anton von Werner (1871–1914), awarded the Order, 1st Class, 1912; previously awarded the 2nd Class * GenObst

of Bavaria (1852–1937), conferred with the Order, 1st Class, January 17, 1914 * Gen-Lt Philipp von Hellingrath of Bavaria (1862–1939), awarded the 1st Class with Swords, Nov 14, 1918; previously awarded the 2nd Class (7 Jun 1914) * Henry William, Baron de Bülow awarded the Order 1st Class, Envoy Extraordinary & Minister Plenipotentiary to Her Majesty Queen Victoria * Eduard von Jachmann, Prussian Vice Admiral, awarded 1st Class with Swords Foreign Giustino Fortunato Senior

* Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord, Prince Talleyrand of France, Envoy of Emperor Napoleon I (Napoleon Bonaparte) of the French, to Russia, 1807; conferred with both the Order of the Black Eagle and the Red Eagle, before 1807 * Alexander Kurakin, Prince Alexander Borisovich Kourakin of Russia, Envoy of Tsar Alexander I of Russia, to France, 1807; conferred with both the Black Eagle Order and Red Eagle Order, before 1807 * Leopold II of Belgium, Prince Leopold of Belgium (future Leopold II), Duke of Brabant, awarded the Order, 1st Class * Count Maximilian van Lerchenfeld-Koefering, Chamberlain to the King of Bavaria, and envoy to the United States; conferred before 1845 * Giustino Fortunato (1777-1862), Giustino Fortunato (1777–1862), prime minister of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, conferred with the Red Eagle Order in 1850 * Lieutenant General Pierre-Dominique Bazaine (1786–1838) French mathematician and engineer * Mehmed Emin Âli Pasha, Turkish Minister of Foreign Affairs, awarded the Order, 1st Class (for non-Christians), 1851 * Vicomte Vincent-Victor Henri de Vaublanc, Chamberlain to the King of Bavaria, October 21, 1856 * Kemal Effendi, Turkish Ambassador to Berlin, awarded the Order, 1st Class (for non-Christians), July 2, 1857 * Prince Mass'oud Mirza Zell-e Soltan (1850–1918), son of Naser al-Din Shah Qajar, Naser al-Din Shah, King of Persia. * President Paul Kruger (1825–1904), President of the Transvaal (first award in 1884, elevated to First Class in 1896) * Marquis

(1849–1940), Japanese minister to Berlin, October 15, 1891 * Edward Villiers, 5th Earl of Clarendon (1846-1914), Lord-in-Waiting, in connection with the visit of Emperor Wilhelm II to the United Kingdom in late 1899. * Lieutenant-General Sir Frederick Marshall, Colonel of the 1st Royal Dragoons, in connection with the visit of Emperor Wilhelm II to the United Kingdom in late 1899. * Lieutenant-General Sir Thomas Kelly-Kenny (1840–1914), Adjutant-general of the British Forces, invested in September 1902 when he visited Prussia for German Army maneuvers. * Lieutenant-General Sir John French, 1st Earl of Ypres, John French (1852–1925), invested in September 1902 when he visited Prussia for German Army maneuvers. * Baron

(1858–1936), Japanese Navy Minister, February 26, 1907 * Liang Cheng (1864–1917), Chinese minister to Berlin, March 6, 1913

Knights 2nd Class (1810–1918)

German * Mayer Carl Frhr von Rothschild (1820–1886), King's Court-Banker for Frankfurt, awarded the 2nd Class (for non-Christians), August 14, 1857 * Dr. Albert Sigismund Jaspis (1809–1885), Generalsuperintendant of Pommern in Stettin, awarded the 2nd Class, with Bow, by Kaiser Wilhelm I, 1/18/1863 * Anton von Werner (1871–1914), court painter to the Prussian royal family; awarded the Order 2nd Class, Jan 20, 1895, and awarded the breast star of the 2nd Class, Mar 30, 1902 * Johann Heinrich von Bernstorff, Johann Heinrich Frhr von Bernstorff (1862–1939), Ambassador to the United States, conferred with the Order, 2nd Class, on December 24, 1909 * Gen der INF Otto von Below (1857–1944), awarded the Order, 2nd Class, with oak leaves and with breast star, bef. 1914 * Gen. der INF Karl von Fasbender, Karl Rttr von Fasbender of Bavaria (1852–1933), conferred with the Order, 2nd Class, with Crown, and with breast star * Gen der INF Paul Rttr von Kuenßl of Bavaria (1862–1928), awarded the 2nd Class with swords, 12 JUN 1915; previously awarded the 4th Class, pre-World War I * Gen-Lt Nikolaus Rttr von Endres of Bavaria (1862–1938), awarded the 2nd Class with swords24 AUG 1917; previously awarded the 3rd Class with swords, pre-World War I * Gen-Lt (later Gen der KAV) Alfred von Kühne (1853-1945); awarded the 2nd Class in 1912 when he first retired from the army. * Gen der Kav Ludwig von Gebsattel, Ludwig Freiherr von Gebsattel of Bavaria (1857–1930), awarded the 2nd Class with breast star; previously awarded the 3rd Class with Crown * Gen-Lt (later Gen der KAV) Otto von Stetten of Bavaria (1862–1937); awarded the 2nd Class, prior to World War I * Gen-Lt ( and later Gen der ARTy) Hermann frhr von Stein (1859–1928); awarded the 2nd Class with swords & the 2nd Class breast star with swords, 20 JAN 1917; previously awarded the 3rd Class, prior to World War I * Gen-Maj ( later Gen-Lt) Ludwig Rttr von Tutschek of Bavaria (1864–1937); awarded the 2nd Class with Swords, 3 Feb 1917; previously awarded the 4th Class, prior to World War I * Gen-Lt (later Gen der INF) Hermann von Kuhl (1858–1956); awarded the 2nd Class with Oak Leaves and swords, and the 2nd Class breast star, 15 JAN 1916 & 12 JAN 1918 * Gen-Lt Wilhelm Groener, Wilhelm Gröner of Württemberg (1867–1939), awarded the 2nd Class with Crown & Swords, and with breast star, 15 Jun 1918; previously awarded the 2nd Class w/o breast star (16 AUG 1917), 3rd Class (19 JUL 1913), 4th Class with Crown (17 Sep 1909); & 4th Class (11 SEP 1907) * Gen-Lt Constantin Wilhelm Albert Müller, awarded the breast star of the Order, 2nd Class, with Oak leaves and Swords, by Kaiser Wilhelm II, 10/23/1918; Previously awarded the 3rd Class with Crown and Swords * Vice ADM Franz von Hipper (?), German hero of the Battle of the Jutland; awarded the Order, 2nd Class; previously awarded the 3rd Class with Bow and 4th Class with Crown * Vizeadmiral (Vice Admiral) and Admiral à la suite (honorary [full] Admiral) Bernhard Otto Curt von Prittwitz und Gaffron (1849–1922); veteran of the Austro-Prussian War and Franco-Prussian War, closely linked with Großadmiral (Grand Admiral) Prince Heinrich of Prussia, his frequent predecessor in various naval command stations. * Baron Guenther Heinrich von Berg (1765–1843) Statesman, Doctor of Law, Judge, Legislator. Invested 28 June 1820. * Bernard Hebeler (1794-1862) Prussian Consul-General awarded the Order 2nd Class, by Frederick William IV of Prussia, 1842 Foreign * Mustafa-ed-din Bey, Turkish First Dragoman, awarded the 2nd Class (for non-Christians), September 14, 1855 * Mohammed Essad Safvet-Effendi, Turkish Undersecretary of State in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, awarded the 2nd Class (for non-Christians), September 14, 1855 * Admiral of the Fleet Sir John Jellicoe, 1st Earl Jellicoe of Great Britain (1859–1935), awarded the Order, 2nd Class, with swords, for actions in China during the Boxer Rebellion, where he served as a captain. * Captain Edward Henry Bayly, Royal Navy, Captain of HMS Aurora (1887), HMS ''Aurora'', awarded the Order, 2nd class, with swords, for services in China during the Boxer Rebellion. * Charles Thomas Jackson, American physician and scientist who was active in medicine, chemistry, mineralogy, and geology. * Frederick J.V. Skiff, Field Museum of Chicago, Paris Exhibition (1900) organizer, and Director of Exhibits, St. Louis Exhibition (1906), awarded 2nd Class, Jan 12, 1906, for work with the St. Louis World's Fair * J.P. Morgan (1837–1913), American Banker, honored after giving an original letter from Martin Luther to Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, Emperor Charles V back to Germany, June 26, 1911 * Nicholas Murray Butler, President of Columbia University, for building the exchange program between American and German professors, and winner of the 1931 Nobel Peace Prize * Professor Hugo Münsterberg, Harvard Exchange Professor at Berlin, awarded the Order, 2nd Class, August 23, 1911 * James Speyer, American banker and president of the banking house Speyer & Company, awarded the 2nd Class, Jan 20, 1912 * His Princely Highness Pakubuwono X (1866–1939), the 10th Susuhunan, ruler of the past Surakarta (now in present Surakarta, Indonesia), awarded the Order, 2nd Class, with Star. * Wilhelm Lenk von Wolfsberg, Wilhelm Freiherr Lenk von Wolfsberg (1809–1894), Austrian Feldzeugmeister, owner of the Corps Artillery Regiment No. 4 and scientist, awarded the 2nd Class in 1861 * Maj-Gen the Hon Edward James Montagu-Stuart-Wortley CB, CMG, DSO, MVO (1857–1934) of Great Britain's King's Royal Rifle Corps. * Dudley Marjoribanks, 3rd Baron Tweedmouth (1874–1935), invested in September 1902 when he visited Prussia for German Army maneuvers.

Knights 3rd Class (1810–1918)

* Jan Willem Louis van Oordt (1808-1884), awarded the Knights Cross, 3rd Class, for services to the Imperial Navy, 1850 * Major (later Field Marshal)

(1803–1879) – awarded the Knights Cross, 3rd Class for actions and service during the Baden insurrection, 1848 * Oberst (Colonel) Louis Lust, commander of the Captain-Cadet School, awarded the Knight's Cross, 3rd Class, with Bow, by Kaiser Wilhelm I, 12/19/1878 * Captain Hans-Wilhelm von Dresky (later Rear Admiral) – awarded the Knight's Cross, 3rd Class, with swords and ribbon, for actions while in command of the cruiser SMS Habicht. * Hermann Wissmann, Hermann von Wissmann, awarded the 3rd Class with Crown and Swords, September 3, 1894 * Oberst Friedrich von Scholl, awarded the 3rd Class with Crown and Swords, 1895 * Oberst Pavel, awarded the 3rd Class with Crown and Swords for actions in Cameroon, 1902 * Hauptmann (army Captain) Franke, awarded the 3rd Class with Crown and Swords, for actions in South West Africa (Namibia), 1904 * Käptain zur Sea (naval Captain) Pohl, awarded the 3rd Class with Crown and Swords for actions in East Asia, 1905 AdmiralSirWilliamDeSalis

* Oberst (future Generalleutnant) Constantin Wilhelm Albert von Müller, awarded the 3rd Class with Crown and Swords for actions in Cameroon, 1905 * John Schroers, Chairman of Education and the Educational Congresses, and later Director of the St. Louis World's Fair, 1904–1906; awarded the 3rd Class, Feb 23, 1905, for work with the Louisiana Purchase Exposition, St. Louis World's Fair * Oberstleutnant von Estorff, awarded the 3rd Class with Crown and Swords for actions in South West Africa, 1905 * Howard J. Rogers, Chief of the Department of Education & Social Economics, involved with Louisiana Purchase Exposition, St. Louis Exhibition (1906); awarded the 3rd Class, Jan. 12, 1906, for work with the St. Louis World's Fair * Oberst Constantin von Falkenhayn, commander of 5. Badisches Infantry-Regiment Nr 113, awarded the 3rd Class, with Bow, June 1913 * George II of Greece, Georg, Crown Prince of Greece (Later King George II of Greece), awarded the 3rd Class with Crown and Swords, 1913 * Gen der Art. Konrad Krafft von Dellmensingen of Bavaria (1862–1953); Received the Order, 3rd Class, before World War I * Gen der Kav Ludwig von Gebsattel, Ludwig Freiherr von Gebsattel, awarded the 3rd Class with Crown; later awarded the 2nd Class with breast star * Oberst (later Gen-Maj) Hans Rttr von Hemmer of Bavaria (1869–1931); awarded 3rd Class with swords, 15 MAY 1915; previously awarded the 4th Class, pre-World War I * R-Adm Franz von Hipper; awarded the 3rd Class with Crown, date unknown * Oberst (Colonel) Richard Franz Joseph Haegele, awarded the 3rd Class, with Bow and Swords (two times black, three white striped ribbon), 12/14/1916 * Oberst Scmidt, awarded the 3rd Class, with Bow and Swords (2 x black, 3 x white), 12/22/1917 * Rittmeister (cavalry Captain) Manfred von Richthofen, Manfred Albrecht Frhr von Richthofen (1892–1918) also known as "The Red Baron", awarded the 3rd Class, with Crown & Swords, for earning an unprecedented 70th aerial victory as Germany's top fighter ace of the Great War, April 6, 1918. This was one of only two such awards during the Great War for someone of company grade rank. * Oberst Klehmet, awarded the 3rd Class, with Bow and Swords (2 x black, 3 x white), 5/25/1918 * Oberstleutnant Maercker, awarded the 3rd Class with Crown and Swords for actions during the Great War, November 16, 1918 * Mathew Kiely, Chief of Police St. Louis, Missouri (1901–1906), received the Order 3rd Class for his department's commendable performance during the 1902 visit of Prince Henry * Lt.Col. E. H. Swayne, Somerset Light Infantry without swords *George Limbrey Sclater-Booth, 2nd Baron Basing, Lt.Col. George Limbrey Sclater-Booth, 2nd Baron Basing, 1st The Royal Dragoons without swords

Knights 4th Class (1830–1918)

* Maj. E.D.Bally, Somerset Light Infantry * Sevki Bey, District Governor of Aclun (Northern Syria, Ottoman Empire), awarded the 4th Class * Ernst von Bibra, Dr. Ernst Freiherr von Bibra 1854 (1806 – 1878) was a German Naturalist (Natural history scientist) and author. Ernst was a botanist, zoologist, metallurgist, chemist, geographer, travel writer, novelist, duellist, art collector and trailblazer in ethnopsychopharmacology. * Hauptmann Curt von Brandenstein, 1879-1964, Pour le Me'rite 26.9.1918, HOH w/ Swords, Hessian Bravery medal, Leibregiment Grossherzogin (3. Grossherzoglich Hessisches) Nr.117 * Captain von Dresky (later Rear Admiral) – awarded the 4th Class, with swords, for actions at Miang while in command of the cruiser SMS ''Habicht'' * Hauptmann (Captain) Constantin von Falkenhayn, awarded the 4th Class, for service in the Füsilier-Regiment Fürst Karl-Anton von Hohenzollern (Hohenzollernsches) Nr 40, January 1900 * Rittmeister Richard Franz Joseph Haegele, awarded the 4th Class, 10/21/1901, for service as commander of the East Asian Field Bakery in the Prussian Army; Later awarded the 4th Class with Swords, for actions in South West Africa (modern day Namibia) * Heinrich Johannes Halke, awarded the 4th Class, 1/18/1886 * Rittmeister (later Generalmajor) Arthur Hay, prior-enlisted cavalry officer, May 12, 1901 * General Wilhelm Heye, awarded the 4th Class with swords * Leutnant Paul von Hindenburg (later GFM & Reichspräsident) – awarded the 4th Class, with swords, after actions against the Austrians at Königrätz, July 3, 1866 * Charles John Hexamer (1862-1921), co-founded and first president of the National German-American Alliance, awarded in 1904 * Tarleton Hoffman Bean (1846–1916), first Curator of Fishes at the Smithsonian Institution; Director of the Forestry and Fisheries exhibit at the Paris Exhibition, 1900; Chief of the Departments of Fish, Game and Forestry, St. Louis World's Fair, 1902–05; awarded the 4th Class, Jan 12, 1906, for work with the St. Louis World's Fair * First Lieutenant Carl Hermann Arthur Finster (1865-1929), Author and Diplomat, 1908 * Joseph Austin Holmes (1859–1915), geologist, and first director of the Bureau of Mines, credited with advances in mine safety, and for the slogan "Safety First"; Chief of Mines and Metallurgy at the St. Louis World's Fair, 1904–1906; awarded the 4th Class, Jan 12, 1906, for work with the St. Louis World's Fair * F.D. Hirschberg, Chairman of Reception and Entertainment, St Louis World's Fair, 1904–1906; awarded the 4th Class, Jan 12, 1906, for work with the St. Louis World's Fair * Prof. Otto Jaekel (1863-1929), geologist and paleontologist, awarded April 3, 1913 * Obst-Lt (later Gen der Artillerie) Friedrich Kreß von Kressenstein, Friedrich Frhr. Kreß von Kressenstein of Bavaria (1870–1948); awarded the 4th Class prior to World War I * John H. McGibbons, Secretary of Awards for Division of Exhibitions, St. Louis World's Fair, 1904–1906; awarded the 4th Class, Jan 12, 1906, for work with the St. Louis World's Fair * Lt.Col. Hon. George Henry Morris, Irish Guards * Dr. Ludwig Karl Georg Pfeiffer, botanist and conchologist, 1875 * Premierleutnant (First Lieutenant) Ernst von Prittwitz und Gaffron, awarded the 4th Class in 1864 * Carl Friedrich Rohte, awarded the 4th Class, 8/22/1907, for service to the Crown * Hermann Aleksander Eduard von Salza, Russian Navy, 1910 * Ernst Friederich Ludwig Scheyder, Amtsrat, presented with Red Eagle August 10, 1911, for dedicated service to the crown * Frederick Winslow Taylor (1856–1915), mechanical engineer; President of the American Society of mechanical Engineers, who is credited for innovations in management principles; awarded the 4th Class, Jan. 12, 1906, for work with St. Louis World's Fair * Adolf Werner (Artillery Officer), awarded the 4th Class, 1904 * Lt.Col. L.E.C.Worthington-Wilmer, Somerset Light Infantry Image:Red_Eagle-Certificate.jpg, Order of the Red Eagle, 4th Class, certificate given to Ernst Friedrich Ludwig Scheyder in 1911 Image:Ernst-Friedrich-Ludwig-Scheyder-Photo.jpg, Ernst Friedrich Ludwig Scheyder

Medal for Enlisted Men

* Musicmeister Jacob Peuppus, 2. Infanterie-Regiments Kronprinz; awarded November 16, 1900 * Feldwebel August Keller, 2. Infanterie-Regiments Kronprinz; awarded November 16, 1900 * Sergenten Maximilian Büchert, 2. Infanterie-Regiments Kronprinz; awarded November 16, 1900 * Wachtmeister Otto Grieszing, 1. Schwerin Reiter-Regiment Prinz Karl von Bayern; awarded November 16, 1900 * Matthias Kürmeher, 4. Infanterie-Regiments, König Wilhelm von Württemberg; awarded June 15, 1903 * Karl Lemnitz, 2. Fuß-Artillerie-Regiments, Königliche von Preußen; awarded June 15, 1903 * Fortunatus Klun, Hof-Saal-Kammerdiener, Saaldienst, Obersthofmeister Staab, Austria Hungary; awarded 1903 * Adolf Zimmerman, Hof-Saal-Türhüter, Saaldienst, Obersthofmeister Staab, Austria Hungary; awarded 1903 * Thomas Drozda, Hof-Saal-Türhüter, Saaldienst, Obersthofmeister Staab, Austria Hungary; awarded 1903 * Franz Fahnier, Hof-Saal-Türhüter, Saaldienst, Obersthofmeister Staab, Austria Hungary; awarded 1903 * Josef Kramlinger, Hof-Saal-Türhüter, Saaldienst, Obersthofmeister Staab, Austria Hungary; awarded 1903 * Josef Blaha, Hof-Saal-Türhüter, Saaldienst, Obersthofmeister Staab, Austria Hungary; awarded 1903 * Georg Schögl, Hof-Saal-Türhüter, Saaldienst, Obersthofmeister Staab, Austria Hungary; awarded 1903

Sources

* ''Atlantic Daily News'', October 31, 1906. New York: Hamburg-American Line. Available on the Internet: https://earlyradiohistory.us/1906hamb.htm * Danner, David. ''Recipients of the Military Max Josef Order in World War I''. available on the Internet: https://web.archive.org/web/20090524233821/http://home.att.net/~ordersandmedals/MMJO/MMJO1-2.htm * Der Rittmeister Militaria, LLC. Internet: https://web.archive.org/web/20080105133048/http://www.derrittmeister.com/home.htm * ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. 11th Ed. New York: Encyclopædia Britannica Company, 1911 * ''Encyclopedia Americana''. New York: The Encyclopedia American Corporation, 1918. p. 673 * ''Haandbuch des Allerhöchsten Hofes und des Hofstaates Seiner K. und K. Apostoliscen Majistät, fur 1906''. Vienna: Empire of Austria-Hungary, 1903 * ''Handbuch über den Königlich Preußischen Hof und Staat für das Jahr 1918''. (1918 Prussian State Handbook) Berlin, 1918. * Index of Royal Colonels of Commonwealth Land Forces. Available on the Internet: https://web.archive.org/web/20080202130333/http://regiments.org/biography/royals/colchief.htm * ''Journal of the Medals and Orders Society of America'', Vol 52, No. 3, pp. 16 – 17. On the Internet: http://www.medalnet.net/Red_Eagle_Order_Haegele.htm * Marquis, Albert Nelson. ''Who's Who in New England''. 2nd Ed. Chicago: A.N. Marquis & Co., 1916 * ''New York Times'' Archives. New York: New York Times. January 8, 1898; January 28, 1900; December 25, 1909; August 24, 1911. Available on the Internet: https://query.nytimes.com/search/query?frow=0&n=10&srcht=s&daterange=period&query=Red+Eagle+Order&srchst=p&hdlquery=&bylquery=&mon1=09&day1=18&year1=1851&mon2=12&day2=31&year2=1980&submit.x=0&submit.y=0 * Schulze Ising, Andreas M. ''Imperial German Orders, Medals, and Decorations''. Martinsville, Virginia: Available on the Internet: http://www.medalnet.net/Red_Eagle_Order_3rd_crown_swords.htm
Treaty between France and Russia
Tilsit, July 7, 1807. * ''Verordnungsblatt des Königlich bayerischen Kriegsministeriums'', Munich: Kingdom of Bavaria, 1900 * ''Verordnungsblatt des Königlich bayerischen Kriegsministeriums'', Munich: Kingdom of Bavaria, 1903

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Order Of The Red Eagle Orders, decorations, and medals of Prussia, Red Eagle Orders of chivalry of Germany, Red Eagle Kingdom of Prussia Awards established in 1792 1792 establishments in Prussia